Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Signs and Treatment

1 · What childhood apraxia of speech is

The clearest way to explain it: the message is intact, the instructions to the mouth are not.

A child with apraxia knows the word. They have the language. The muscles work. What is disrupted is the brain's planning of the sequence of movements — the lips, tongue, jaw, and voice all have to move in a precise order and timing, and that plan is not coming together reliably.

Which is why the same word can come out differently on consecutive attempts. That inconsistency is characteristic, and it is frequently the thing parents notice before anyone names it.

On terminology: you may also see verbal dyspraxia or developmental verbal dyspraxia, which refer to the same thing.

This is not the same as dyspraxia meaning developmental coordination disorder, which affects whole-body movement and coordination. Two different conditions sharing part of a name, and the confusion is common. → Developmental coordination disorder

2 · How it differs from other speech difficulties

This is the question most parents arrive with.

	What is happening	Typical pattern
Speech delay	Sounds are developing in the usual order, later than expected	Errors are fairly consistent and predictable
Phonological disorder	Patterns of sound use are simplified in rule-based ways	Errors follow a system — for example, all sounds made at the back come out at the front
Childhood apraxia of speech	Difficulty planning and sequencing the movements	Errors change between attempts at the same word; difficulty moving between sounds; unusual rhythm
Dysarthria	Genuine muscle weakness or reduced control	Speech may be slurred, quiet, or effortful, and errors are consistent

What clinicians look for in apraxia specifically:

Inconsistent errors on the same word across repeated attempts
Difficulty with the transitions between sounds and syllables, not just the sounds themselves
Unusual rhythm, stress, or intonation
Groping — visible searching movements of the mouth before a sound comes out
More difficulty with longer or more complex words than shorter ones
A gap between what a child understands and what they can say, often a large one

Any of these can appear in other conditions. It is the combination, and how it behaves over time, that distinguishes apraxia — which is part of why diagnosis is difficult.

These can also co-occur. A child may have apraxia alongside a language disorder or a phonological difficulty, and that changes the plan.

3 · What parents notice

Very little babbling as a baby, or a quieter baby than expected
A first word that appeared, then disappeared
The same word said differently every time — and sometimes said perfectly once, then never again
Visible effort — the mouth moving, searching, before anything comes out
Understanding far more than they can say
Better speech on automatic phrases than on words they are trying to produce deliberately
Frustration, sometimes considerable, and behavior that follows from being unable to be understood
Family understands them, others do not

The "said it once, then never again" experience is characteristic.It is frequently the detail that makes a parent search in the first place. It is real, it is recognized, and it is worth naming.

4 · Why diagnosis is difficult

Very young children may not produce enough speech to assess. Many of the diagnostic features require a child to attempt words repeatedly, which is difficult if they are saying very little.

The features overlap with other conditions, particularly early on.

It is both over- and under-diagnosed. Some children are given the label very early on limited evidence; others go years without it.

Which is why assessment frequently happens over time rather than in a single appointment, and why a provisional or descriptive term may be used before a firm diagnosis.

If a definite answer is not given immediately, that is not a failure.Assessment over several sessions is appropriate practice, and treatment can begin regardless — you do not need a confirmed diagnosis to start therapy.

5 · What assessment involves

A speech-language pathologist carries out the assessment.

What is involved: developmental and medical history · listening to spontaneous speech and structured attempts · repeated productions of the same words, to look for consistency · assessing longer and more complex words · an oral motor examination to check structure and movement · assessing understanding separately from expression · a hearing check, which should be part of any speech assessment.

Bring recordings.Video of your child speaking at home is genuinely useful, because a child may say very little in an unfamiliar room. Clinicians ask for this frequently, and parents rarely know to bring it.

6 · What treatment involves

Speech therapy is the treatment, and two features of it matter more than which specific approach is used.

Frequency and intensity. Apraxia is a motor learning problem, and motor learning depends on repetition. In a study of 37 children aged between 32 and 54 months, those treated twice a week for ten weeks showed significantly better articulation and functional communication than those treated once a week; once-weekly treatment did not produce the same gains. Frequent, shorter sessions generally work better than occasional longer ones, and it is worth asking about directly.

Principles of motor learning. Many repetitions, practice distributed over time, varied practice contexts, and feedback that reduces as skill develops.

Named approaches you may encounter include DTTC, ReST, PROMPT, and the Nuffield Dyspraxia Program. They differ in method and in the evidence behind them, and a speech-language pathologist will select based on your child's age and profile.

What treatment is not: oral motor exercises done in isolation. A Cochrane review of non-speech oral motor treatments — blowing, tongue movements, lip exercises — found no strong evidence that they are effective either as a treatment or alongside other therapy for children with speech sound disorders. Time spent on them is time not spent practicing speech.

Home practice matters, because the repetition needed exceeds what any session provides. Your speech-language pathologist should show you exactly what to practice and how.

7 · Communication while speech develops

A child who cannot yet speak still needs to communicate. Waiting for speech before providing another route leaves a child without a way to be understood, often for years.

Augmentative and alternative communication does not delay speech

This is the concern parents raise most, and it is the one the evidence answers most clearly.

In the studies with sufficient methodological rigor to judge, not one case got worse.A meta-analysis of augmentative and alternative communication and speech production identified 23 studies, of which 6 — covering 27 cases — met the standard for a best-evidence analysis. None of the 27 showed a decrease in speech production. 11 percent showed no change, and 89 percent showed gains.

Two things worth knowing about that finding. The gains were, for the most part, modest. And the participants were people with developmental disabilities generally — mostly autism and intellectual disability, across a wide age range — rather than children with apraxia specifically. What the evidence does not show, anywhere, is AAC holding speech back.

Being able to communicate reduces frustration, supports language development, and gives a child a reason to keep trying. AAC and speech therapy run alongside each other. One does not replace the other.

8 · What to expect over time

Most children make progress with appropriate therapy. How much and how quickly varies considerably, and it depends on severity, what else is going on, and how much practice happens.

Some children reach speech that is fully intelligible. Others continue to have some difficulty, particularly with longer words or under pressure, and continue to benefit from support.

Progress is frequently slow and non-linear, and plateaus are common. That is the nature of motor learning rather than a sign that therapy is not working — but it is worth discussing with your speech-language pathologist if it persists.

Reading and spelling are worth watching. Children with apraxia have higher rates of literacy difficulty, and monitoring this early is easier than catching up later. → Dyslexia

9 · Getting help

Under three in the US: early intervention is free in most states and a parent can refer their own child directly — no doctor's referral, no diagnosis required. Search for your state's early intervention program.

Three and over: request a school evaluation in writing. → IEPs and 504 plans

Privately, at any age. → Find a speech-language pathologist · Speech therapy costs

Questions worth asking: how often would you see my child, and why that frequency? · what approach do you use, and what is it based on? · what should we practice at home? · how will we know it is working, and by when? · do you use AAC alongside speech work?

10 · Frequently asked questions

Do oral motor exercises help?

A Cochrane review found no strong evidence that non-speech oral motor treatments — blowing, tongue movements, lip exercises — are effective either on their own or alongside other therapy for children with speech sound disorders. Practice of speech itself is what drives change.

How often should therapy happen?

Frequency matters in apraxia more than in most speech difficulties, because it is a motor learning problem. In one study of 37 children aged between 32 and 54 months, only twice-weekly treatment produced significantly better articulation and functional communication than once weekly over ten weeks. It is worth asking your speech-language pathologist about directly.

Is apraxia the same as dyspraxia?

Verbal dyspraxia is another term for childhood apraxia of speech. Dyspraxia used on its own usually means developmental coordination disorder, which affects whole-body movement — a different condition.

What is childhood apraxia of speech?

A motor speech disorder in which a child has difficulty planning and sequencing the movements needed for speech. They know what they want to say and their muscles are not weak — the difficulty is in the planning.

Can apraxia be diagnosed in a two-year-old?

It is difficult, because diagnosis relies partly on repeated attempts at words, which requires a child to be producing speech. Assessment often takes place over several sessions. Treatment does not have to wait for a firm diagnosis.

How is apraxia different from a speech delay?

In a speech delay, sounds develop in the usual order, just later. In apraxia, errors are inconsistent — the same word comes out differently on different attempts — and there is difficulty moving between sounds and syllables.

Why does my child say a word perfectly once and then never again?

This is characteristic of apraxia. When the movement plan happens to come together, the word is produced correctly; reproducing it deliberately is the difficulty.

Will using signs or a communication device stop my child from talking?

No. In a meta-analysis of studies with sufficient methodological rigor, none of the 27 cases showed a decrease in speech production after augmentative and alternative communication was introduced: 11 percent showed no change and 89 percent showed gains. Being able to communicate reduces frustration and supports language development, and AAC runs alongside speech therapy rather than replacing it.

Find a speech therapist who treats apraxia

265 practices in the DrSensory directory name apraxia among the conditions they treat — 2 PT, 5 OT, 258 SLP — across 51 states. They are grouped by state below.

Alabama3 practices

Expressions Pediatric Therapy — Birmingham, AL · SLP
Rocket City Speech Therapy — Huntsville, AL · SLP
The SpOT Clinic (Madison) — Huntsville, AL · SLP

Alaska1 practice

Achieve Speech Therapy LLC — Anchorage, AK · SLP

Arizona9 practices

Milestone Pediatrics — Mesa, AZ · SLP
Pediatric Speech & Language Specialists (PSLS) — Mesa, AZ · SLP
Ridge Zeller Therapy — Mesa, AZ · SLP
Way to Grow Pediatric Therapy & Dyslexia Center — Mesa, AZ · SLP
Bilingual Pediatric Therapies — Phoenix, AZ · SLP
Ridge Zeller Therapy — Phoenix, AZ · SLP
Your Speech Partner, LLC — Phoenix, AZ · SLP
Saguaro Occupational, Speech, and Physical Therapy — Tucson, AZ · OT
Therapy Builders — Tucson, AZ · SLP

California24 practices

Mimi & Me Speech Therapy — Los Angeles, CA · SLP
NAPA Center (LA) — Los Angeles, CA · SLP
SoCal Speech-Language Therapy, PC — Los Angeles, CA · SLP
Wonder Talk Speech Therapy — Los Angeles, CA · SLP
American River Speech Therapy — Sacramento, CA · SLP
Bright Start Therapies — Sacramento, CA · SLP
Total Spectrum Speech Therapy — Sacramento, CA · SLP
Kara Dodds & Associates — San Diego, CA · SLP
North Star SLPC, Inc. — San Diego, CA · SLP
Ocean Beach Speech — San Diego, CA · SLP
Radiant Kids Therapy — San Diego, CA · SLP
San Diego Center for Speech Therapy & Myofunctional Therapy — San Diego, CA · SLP
SmallTalk Pediatric Therapy — San Diego, CA · SLP
Speech Bee Speech Therapy, Inc. — San Diego, CA · SLP
Hearing and Speech Center of Northern California — San Francisco, CA · SLP
SF Speech Therapy — San Francisco, CA · SLP
Talk Shop Speech Therapy — San Francisco, CA · SLP
The Speech Path — San Francisco, CA · SLP
Words To Share (Diana V. Angeles, MS, CCC-SLP) — San Francisco, CA · SLP
Gold Speech, Inc. — San Jose, CA · SLP
IICA Speech — San Jose, CA · SLP
Lexis Pediatric Speech Therapy — San Jose, CA · SLP
Peninsula Associates Speech Therapy Services — San Jose, CA · SLP
RiteCare Childhood Language Center of San Jose — San Jose, CA · SLP

Colorado9 practices

Reach Speech Therapy — Colorado Springs, CO · SLP
WellCare & Nurture Pediatric Therapy — Colorado Springs, CO · SLP
Zoah Speech & Outreach — Colorado Springs, CO · SLP
Center for Children's Speech-Language Disorders — Denver, CO · SLP
Children's Therapy Services of Colorado (CTSC) — Denver, CO · SLP
HealthPRO Pediatrics — Denver, CO · SLP
Laura M. Biegner & Associates (Colorado Speech Therapy) — Denver, CO · SLP
NAPA Center Denver — Denver, CO · SLP
Therapies of the Rockies — Denver, CO · SLP

Connecticut6 practices

King's Speech and Learning Center — Hartford, CT · SLP
Pediatric and Adolescent Speech Therapy Associates — Hartford, CT · SLP
Pediatric Communication Center, LLC — Hartford, CT · SLP
Pediatric Therapy Solutions, LLC — Hartford, CT · SLP
Baron Therapy Services, LLC — New Haven, CT · SLP
Yale New Haven Children's Hospital — Pediatric Outpatient Rehab (Speech-Language Pathology) — New Haven, CT · SLP

Delaware2 practices

Empowered Speech Therapy & Language Services — Wilmington, DE · SLP
Speech and Language for Kids LLC — Wilmington, DE · SLP

District of Columbia1 practice

Little Feet Therapy — Washington, DC · SLP

Florida12 practices

Sunshine Speech — Jacksonville, FL · SLP
Tavvy Speech Therapy Services LLC — Jacksonville, FL · SLP
Exceptional Speech Therapy — Miami, FL · SLP
SLP Miami Therapy, Inc. — Miami, FL · SLP
Step by Step Speech Corporation — Miami, FL · SLP
TEAM Pediatric Therapy — Orlando, FL · SLP
Bridge Speech Therapy, LLC — St Petersburg, FL · SLP
Saint Pete Speech Therapy — St Petersburg, FL · SLP
Sunshine Speech Buds — St Petersburg, FL · SLP
Sunshine Speech Services — St Petersburg, FL · SLP
Alyssa Campbell Therapies, P.A. — Tampa, FL · SLP
Playful Paths Speech Therapy — Tampa, FL · SLP

Georgia6 practices

Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (CHOA) — Speech-Language Pathology — Atlanta, GA · SLP
Lighting the Way Occupational Therapy — Atlanta, GA · OT
Path to Progress Speech Solutions, LLC — Atlanta, GA · SLP
Savannah Speech & Hearing Center — Savannah, GA · SLP
The Speech Clinic of the Coastal Empire — Savannah, GA · SLP
Utter Success Speech Services, LLC — Savannah, GA · SLP

Hawaii1 practice

Speech Solutions Hawaii — Honolulu, HI · SLP

Idaho3 practices

Chatterbox Pediatric Therapy — Boise, ID · SLP
Children's Therapy Place — Boise, ID · SLP
RISE Pediatric Therapies — Boise, ID · SLP

Illinois6 practices

Community Therapy Services (CTS Pediatrics) — Aurora, IL · SLP
Therapy Care — Aurora, IL · SLP
Chicago Speech Therapy — Chicago, IL · SLP
Lurie Children's Hospital — Speech-Language Pathology — Chicago, IL · SLP
North Shore Pediatric Therapy (NSPT) — Bucktown — Chicago, IL · SLP
Oak Tree Development Center — Chicago, IL · SLP

Indiana1 practice

Spark Speech Therapy LLC — Indianapolis, IN · SLP

Iowa1 practice

UnityPoint Health – Blank Children's Pediatric Therapy – Des Moines — Des Moines, IA · SLP

Kansas1 practice

Heartspring Pediatric Outpatient Clinic — Speech — Wichita, KS · SLP

Kentucky3 practices

ASL Pediatric Therapy Services — Louisville, KY · SLP
Mind Body Child — Louisville, KY · SLP
UofL Health – Frazier Rehab / Kosair for Kids Pediatric Center — Louisville, KY · SLP

Louisiana6 practices

Excellence in Speech Pathology (ESP) Pediatric Therapy Services — Baton Rouge, LA · SLP
CRANE Rehab Center Pediatrics — New Orleans, LA · SLP
Manning Family Children's (Children's Hospital New Orleans, LCMC Health) — New Orleans, LA · SLP
Ochsner Health — Pediatric Speech-Language Pathology — New Orleans, LA · SLP
Southern Oaks Pediatric Therapy — New Orleans, LA · SLP
Spark Pediatric Therapy — New Orleans, LA · SLP

Maine5 practices

Hammond Associates — Portland, ME · SLP
Mainely Speech Therapy for Kids — Portland, ME · SLP
Portland Pediatric Speech Therapy — Portland, ME · SLP
Scarborough NeuroDevelopment Center — Portland, ME · SLP
SkillBuilders Speech Therapy, PA — Portland, ME · SLP

Maryland4 practices

GBMC — Milton J. Dance Jr. Center, Pediatric Speech — Baltimore, MD · SLP
Spectrum Speech Therapy — Baltimore, MD · SLP
The Therapy Spot — Baltimore, MD · SLP
Stepping Stones Therapy — Bethesda, MD · OT

Massachusetts3 practices

Boston Children's Hospital — Speech-Language Pathology Program — Boston, MA · SLP
Zebra Speech — Boston, MA · SLP
Emilulu Speech Therapy — Worcester, MA · SLP

Michigan4 practices

Kaufman Children's Center — Detroit, MI · OT
Kaufman Children's Center — Detroit, MI · SLP
Exemplary Speech Services — Grand Rapids, MI · SLP
Family Tree Therapies — Grand Rapids, MI · SLP

Minnesota5 practices

Sol Therapy Services — Minneapolis, MN · SLP
ACE Speech and Language Clinic, LLC — Saint Paul, MN · SLP
Children's Minnesota — St. Paul Rehabilitation Clinic — Saint Paul, MN · SLP
Kidspeak Ltd. — Saint Paul, MN · SLP
Rosenberg Center — Saint Paul, MN · SLP

Mississippi2 practices

Beyond Therapy for Kids — Jackson, MS · SLP
Outreach Therapy — Jackson, MS · SLP

Missouri8 practices

Children's Mercy Kansas City — Hearing & Speech Clinic — Kansas City, MO · SLP
Speech & Swallowing Specialists of KC (SASS KC) — Kansas City, MO · SLP
Super Speech Therapy — Kansas City, MO · SLP
Little Talkers Speech Therapy, LLC — St Louis, MO · SLP
SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital — Pediatric Therapy — St Louis, MO · SLP
Tiny Speech, LLC — St Louis, MO · SLP
Word Play Speech Therapy — St Louis, MO · SLP
Your Village STL — St Louis, MO · SLP

Montana1 practice

McKenzie Speech Therapy, LLC — Billings, MT · SLP

Nebraska3 practices

Children's Nebraska — Speech Therapy — Omaha, NE · SLP
Grow With Me Pediatric Therapy — Omaha, NE · SLP
Kim Norris Speech Therapy Clinic PC — Omaha, NE · SLP

Nevada8 practices

Mustard Seeds Therapy — Las Vegas, NV · SLP
OccuTherapy, LLC — Las Vegas, NV · OT
Rescue My Speech — Las Vegas, NV · SLP
Speakeasy Therapy Services — Las Vegas, NV · SLP
The Speech House — Las Vegas, NV · SLP
Time to Talk Speech/Feeding Therapy — Las Vegas, NV · SLP
Nevada Speech and Therapy Group — Reno, NV · SLP
Silver State Speech Therapy — Reno, NV · SLP

New Hampshire1 practice

Clearly Speaking — Manchester, NH · SLP

New Jersey9 practices

Chance To Advance, LLC — Jersey City, NJ · PT
Jersey City Speech Therapy (Laura Canetti, MA-CCC-SLP) — Jersey City, NJ · SLP
Sofia Sullivan SLP, LLC — Jersey City, NJ · SLP
Speech & Hearing Associates — Secaucus — Jersey City, NJ · SLP
Children's Specialized Hospital — Outpatient Center, Newark (RWJBarnabas Health) — Newark, NJ · SLP
Children's Specialized Hospital — Outpatient Center, West Orange (RWJBarnabas Health) — Newark, NJ · SLP
Pediatric Therapy Center of NJ — Cedar Grove — Newark, NJ · SLP
Rose Garden Speech Therapy — Newark, NJ · SLP
Village Therapy — Newark, NJ · SLP

New Mexico1 practice

Albuquerque Speech Language and Hearing Center (ASLHC) — Albuquerque, NM · SLP

New York8 practices

Noon Speech Therapy, PLLC — Buffalo, NY · SLP
University at Buffalo Speech-Language & Hearing Clinic — Buffalo, NY · SLP
Brooklyn Speech Therapy — New York, NY · SLP
HSS Pediatric Rehabilitation — Speech Therapy — New York, NY · SLP
Nurture Speech & Feeding Therapy PLLC — New York, NY · SLP
Speech in The City PLLC — New York, NY · SLP
Speech Zone NYC — New York, NY · SLP
Sound Speech Therapy — Rochester, NY · SLP

North Carolina11 practices

Speech and Feeding Haven PLLC — Charlotte, NC · SLP
Duke Children's Health Center — Speech Pathology & Audiology Clinic — Durham, NC · SLP
Emerge Pediatric Therapy — Durham, NC · SLP
Little Seeds Speech Therapy, PLLC — Durham, NC · SLP
Move With Me Physical Therapy — Durham, NC · PT
Radiant Moments Pediatric Therapy — Durham, NC · SLP
Pediatric Therapy Connection, PLLC — Greensboro, NC · SLP
Chitter Chatter Therapy — Raleigh, NC · SLP
Find Your Voice Speech & Language Therapy, PLLC — Raleigh, NC · SLP
The Aspen Center — Raleigh, NC · SLP
Wake Pediatric Speech Therapy, PLLC — Raleigh, NC · SLP

North Dakota1 practice

On Spot Therapy and Orofacial Myology — Fargo, ND · SLP

Ohio6 practices

BeYOUtiful Adventures in Speech — Cincinnati, OH · SLP
Laurel Speech Therapy — Cincinnati, OH · SLP
TherapyWorks Cincinnati — Cincinnati, OH · SLP
Totally Communicating — Cincinnati, OH · SLP
Dynamic Speech Therapy Services — Cleveland, OH · SLP
Flourish Integrated Therapy, LLC — Columbus, OH · SLP

Oklahoma3 practices

Speech Pathway — Oklahoma City, OK · SLP
Monarch Speech and Language Institute — Tulsa, OK · SLP
Speech and Beyond Pediatric Therapy — Tulsa, OK · SLP

Oregon6 practices

Birdsong Speech Therapy — Eugene, OR · SLP
Children's Therapy Clinic (dba Eugene Speech Therapy) — Eugene, OR · SLP
UO Speech-Language-Hearing Center (HEDCO Clinic) — Eugene, OR · SLP
Little Peas Speech and Occupational Therapy — Portland, OR · SLP
Little Pines Speech Therapy — Portland, OR · SLP
Portland Speech Clinic — Portland, OR · SLP

Pennsylvania6 practices

Jill Feldbaum Speech and Language Therapy — Philadelphia, PA · SLP
Milestone Therapy Group — Philadelphia, PA · SLP
Azzurri Speech Therapy — Pittsburgh, PA · SLP
Pediatric Therapy Source — Pittsburgh, PA · SLP
Reach for Speech (Kids Reach 4 Speech) — Pittsburgh, PA · SLP
Uptown Speech Therapy — Pittsburgh, PA · SLP

Rhode Island1 practice

Rhode Island Speech Therapy (Tammie Guerra, MS CCC-SLP/L) — Providence, RI · SLP

South Carolina3 practices

Mount Pleasant Pediatric Therapy — Charleston, SC · SLP
Spoken Word Children's Therapy — Charleston, SC · SLP
Sweet Talkers Speech Therapy, LLC — Charleston, SC · SLP

South Dakota1 practice

Happy Day Speech Therapy — Sioux Falls, SD · SLP

Tennessee7 practices

Bluebird Speech Therapy — Knoxville, TN · SLP
Discover Speech Therapy — Knoxville, TN · SLP
Growing Little Voices Speech Therapy, LLC — Knoxville, TN · SLP
Little Big and LOUD Pediatric Therapy — Knoxville, TN · SLP
Stidham Speech Therapy — Knoxville, TN · SLP
Honeysuckle Pediatric Therapy — Nashville, TN · SLP
Tandem Pediatric Therapies — Nashville, TN · SLP

Texas20 practices

Where Language Blooms — Austin, TX · SLP
Burtis & Noel Speech Language Center — Dallas, TX · SLP
Monkey Mouths — Dallas, TX · SLP
Speech Wings Therapy, LLC — Dallas, TX · SLP
Synaptic Pediatric Therapies — Dallas, TX · SLP
Bloom Bilingual Speech Therapy — Fort Worth, TX · SLP
Cook Children's Rehabilitation — Speech — Fort Worth, TX · SLP
Cowtown Pediatrix Clinic — Fort Worth, TX · SLP
Joyful Noise Speech Therapy — Fort Worth, TX · SLP
Little Red Wagon Therapy — Fort Worth, TX · SLP
Monkey Mouths — Fort Worth, TX · SLP
PediaPlex — Fort Worth, TX · SLP
Talking Tadpoles — Fort Worth, TX · SLP
Luna Bilingual Speech Therapy — Houston, TX · SLP
North Star Pediatric Speech Therapy — Houston, TX · SLP
Speech Center of Katy — Houston, TX · SLP
Thriving Roots Speech Therapy — Houston, TX · SLP
Wilkenfeld Speech, Language and Learning Center — Houston, TX · SLP
Crossroads Therapy Clinic — San Antonio, TX · SLP
Pediatric Therapy Specialists, LLC — San Antonio, TX · SLP

Utah5 practices

Blacksmith Pediatric Speech Therapy — Salt Lake City, UT · SLP
Precision Speech and Language Therapy — Salt Lake City, UT · SLP
University of Utah Health Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic — Salt Lake City, UT · SLP
Utah Premier Therapies — Salt Lake City, UT · SLP
Wasatch Speech & Language Center — Salt Lake City, UT · SLP

Vermont1 practice

Evolve Speech Language Pathology — Burlington, VT · SLP

Virginia12 practices

Children's Speech and Language Services — Arlington, VA · SLP
The Communication Carr — Arlington, VA · SLP
Norfolk Speech & Language Services (NSLS) — Norfolk, VA · SLP
Sentara Therapy – Pediatrics — Norfolk, VA · SLP
Play on Words Speech & Reading — Richmond, VA · SLP
Speak Easy RVA — Richmond, VA · SLP
Speech Connections — Richmond, VA · SLP
Sunshine Speech Therapy — Richmond, VA · SLP
The Speech Path — Richmond, VA · SLP
Coastal Kids Speech Therapy, LLC — Virginia Beach, VA · SLP
Resolute Therapy Collaborative — Virginia Beach, VA · SLP
Speech at the Beach, PLLC — Virginia Beach, VA · SLP

Washington9 practices

In Bloom Speech Therapy — Seattle, WA · SLP
Seattle Therapy — Skills for Life — Seattle, WA · SLP
SPARC Health — Seattle, WA · SLP
Swanson Speech Therapy — Seattle, WA · SLP
Wagner Pediatric Speech & Language — Seattle, WA · SLP
Spokane Valley Pediatric Speech Therapy — Spokane, WA · SLP
Stepping Stones Pediatric Therapy — Spokane, WA · SLP
Communication Therapies, LLC — Tacoma, WA · SLP
Speech Therapy Tacoma — Tacoma, WA · SLP

West Virginia2 practices

Children's Therapy Clinic — Charleston, WV · SLP
Laurance Jones III Childhood Language Center — Charleston, WV · SLP

Wisconsin3 practices

Children's Therapy Network (CTN) — Madison, WI · SLP
CI Pediatric Therapy Centers — Madison, WI · SLP
Chatterbox Speech and Language Therapy — Milwaukee, WI · SLP

Wyoming2 practices

A Time To Talk, LLC (Rachel K. Thompson, MA, CCC-SLP) — Cheyenne, WY · SLP
Wyoming Speech and Literacy — Cheyenne, WY · SLP

Each practice appears here because its own listing names this among what it treats. A listing is not an endorsement or a referral, and inclusion does not mean we have verified a practice’s credentials, licensure or insurance — check those directly. Browse all speech therapy practices.

Sources

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Childhood apraxia of speech: position statement. Checked August 19, 2026.
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Practice portal: childhood apraxia of speech. Checked August 19, 2026.
Millar DC, Light JC, Schlosser RW. The impact of augmentative and alternative communication intervention on the speech production of individuals with developmental disabilities: a research review. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2006;49(2):248–264. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2006/021) (PMID 16671842)
Namasivayam AK, Pukonen M, Goshulak D, Hard J, Rudzicz F, Rietveld T, et al. Treatment intensity and childhood apraxia of speech. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. 2015;50(4):529–546. doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12154 (PMID 25581372)
Lee ASY, Gibbon FE. Non-speech oral motor treatment for children with developmental speech sound disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015;(3):CD009383. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009383.pub2 (PMID 25805060)

Disclaimer. This page is for general educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It has not been reviewed by a speech-language pathologist. If you have concerns about your child's speech, speak to a speech-language pathologist or your pediatrician.