Kentucky PT, OT and SLP guide

For OT, PT and SLP clinics in Kentucky: three state boards license the disciplines; the PT board’s FAQ says a physical therapist may treat without an order or referral, within the therapist’s scope of practice; Kentucky Medicaid covers children’s therapy under EPSDT and adults within its own rules; and telehealth follows the patient’s location.⁠^1,2,3,4,5

Who licenses OTs, PTs and SLPs in Kentucky?

Three state boards license the three disciplines in Kentucky, and each publishes its own licensing law, rules, renewal cycle and continuing-education requirement.⁠^1,6,7 A clinic that employs more than one discipline keeps three registers, not one.

Physical therapists and physical therapist assistants answer to the Kentucky Board of Physical Therapy.⁠^{1,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51} Occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants answer to the Kentucky Board of Licensure for Occupational Therapy.⁠^{6,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59} Speech-language pathologists answer to the Kentucky Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology.⁠^{7,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70} The Board of Physical Therapy, a seven-member board appointed by the Governor, licenses physical therapists and physical therapist assistants.⁠^{1,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51} OTs and OTAs are licensed by the Kentucky Board of Licensure for Occupational Therapy, a seven-member board appointed by the Governor.⁠^{6,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59} SLPs, speech-language pathology assistants and audiologists are licensed by the Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, an eight-member board appointed by the Governor.⁠^{7,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70} The board grants separate licenses for speech-language pathologists, speech-language pathology assistants and audiologists, and no one may practice or represent themselves as any of the three in Kentucky without the license.⁠^{7,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70} A speech-language pathologist employed solely by the public schools in a certified position who holds a teacher certification in communication disorders from the Education Professional Standards Board is exempt from the board’s license; one in a classified position without that certification must be licensed.⁠^{7,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70} A license is a state authorization; a national certification (NBCOT for occupational therapy, the ASHA certificate for speech-language pathology, the NPTE for physical therapy) is a different thing and does not replace it. Compact privileges for practitioners licensed elsewhere are covered under telehealth below.

What does a Kentucky license renewal require?

Each board sets its own cycle and hours, listed in the table above, and the register template at the end of this page tracks them per clinician.⁠^1,6,7 A renewal missed is a lapse, and the board’s own rules say what a lapsed licensee may and may not do; the clinic reads those rules before a clinician’s renewal date passes, not after.

Can a patient see a Kentucky PT, OT or SLP without a referral?

State law answers this discipline by discipline, and a payer may still require a referral the law does not. For physical therapy, the PT board’s FAQ answers no to whether a physical therapist needs an order or referral, saying physical therapists may treat patients directly, without an order or referral, as long as the patient’s medical condition is within the scope of the therapist’s practice.⁠^2,8,9,10 The licensing law, as re-enacted effective July 15, 2026, defines a referral as the procedure by which a licensed health care provider designates the start of physical therapy treatment by a licensed physical therapist. The board’s standards of practice require a physical therapist to evaluate each patient before starting treatment and to refer the patient to other professionals or services when the treatment is beyond the physical therapist’s scope of practice. Kentucky Medicaid, as a payer, covers independent physical therapy that is ordered for the recipient by a physician, physician assistant or advanced practice registered nurse.⁠^2,8,9,10 For occupational therapy, the licensing law defines the practice of occupational therapy as the therapeutic use of purposeful and meaningful occupations to evaluate and treat individuals whose disease, disorder, impairment, activity limitation or participation restriction interferes with their ability to function independently in daily life roles, and to promote health and wellness; the board’s code of ethics requires an OT to properly interpret all referrals and to inform the referring source when a requested service is contraindicated.⁠^71,72,73 Kentucky Medicaid, as a payer, covers independent occupational therapy that is ordered for the recipient by a physician, physician assistant or advanced practice registered nurse, prior authorized and medically necessary.⁠^71,72,73 For speech-language pathology, the licensure act requires a Kentucky license to practice as a speech-language pathologist, speech-language pathology assistant or audiologist, and defines the practice of speech pathology as the measurement, testing, evaluation, consultation, remediation, counseling, instruction and research related to disorders of speech, voice, verbal and written language, cognition and communication, and oral and pharyngeal sensorimotor competencies.⁠^74,75 Kentucky Medicaid, as a payer, covers independent speech-language pathology that is ordered for the recipient by a physician, physician assistant or advanced practice registered nurse, prior authorized and medically necessary.⁠^74,75

The payer’s rule is separate. Medicare pays for outpatient therapy under a plan of care certified by a physician or nonphysician practitioner, and the regulation’s 2025 text lets a signed order or referral on file, with the plan delivered within 30 days of the initial evaluation, stand in for that signature on an initial plan.⁠²⁷ Kentucky Medicaid’s referral and prior-authorization rules are in the next section. A commercial plan’s rule is in its member contract and provider manual, and the clinic keeps a copy of each.

How does Kentucky Medicaid pay for pediatric and adult therapy?

Kentucky Medicaid is run by the Department for Medicaid Services (DMS) in the Cabinet for Health and Family Services, and a clinic enrolls through its provider enrollment route before it bills.⁠⁷⁶ For children, the federal EPSDT benefit requires the state to cover services that correct or ameliorate a condition found at a screening, whether or not the state plan covers them for adults.⁠⁷⁷ For children under 21, including the month of the 21st birthday, Kentucky Medicaid’s EPSDT benefit covers medically necessary rehabilitative services and other treatment that Medicaid does not otherwise cover, to correct or ameliorate a defect, physical or mental illness, or condition, with prior authorization.⁠^3,4,5

Independent PT, OT and SLP each have an annual limit of 20 visits per recipient per calendar year, which may be exceeded when DMS, or the member’s managed care organization, finds the extra visits medically necessary. Agencies such as multi-therapy agencies and rehabilitation agencies have 20 rehabilitative and 20 habilitative visits a year for each discipline.⁠^{11,12,13,14,15} For physical therapy, DMS requires prior authorization only for each visit past the annual visit limit, unless a managed care organization sets a higher limit by contract. The OT and SLP coverage rules list prior authorization among their coverage conditions and require it for each visit past the limit for a member not in a managed care organization. Each MCO handles prior authorization for its members, and Gainwell Technologies for fee-for-service members.⁠^{78,79,80,81,82,83,84} DMS uses managed care organizations to cover most Kentucky Medicaid members, and members choose among five MCOs: Aetna Better Health of Kentucky, Humana Healthy Horizons in Kentucky, Passport Health Plan by Molina Healthcare, UnitedHealthcare Community Plan and WellCare of Kentucky. Anthem Kentucky Managed Care Plan has not been a Kentucky Medicaid managed care organization since January 1, 2025.⁠^85,86,87 The fee schedule is published by the agency, and a clinic reads the current file rather than a remembered rate.⁠⁸⁸

How does Kentucky Medicaid want OT, PT and SLP claims coded?

DMS enrolls independent physical therapists as provider type 87, occupational therapists as provider type 88 and speech-language pathologists as provider type 79, and each bills on the CMS-1500 claim form with CPT and HCPCS codes. A PTA’s or OTA’s service is reimbursed to the supervising therapist at a lower percentage of the Kentucky-specific Medicare Physician Fee Schedule than the therapist’s own.⁠^{89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98} The codes, modifiers and authorization forms are each plan’s and the program’s and change with them, so the clinic reads the current versions before its first claim and records the date read in the payer register.

Does Kentucky Medicaid pay for therapy in schools?

Kentucky Medicaid covers speech and language services, occupational therapy and physical therapy that a school district provides under a child’s individualized education program; a service in an authorized IEP is considered medically necessary and needs no further Medicaid prior authorization.⁠^{99,100,101,102} A school’s billing is the district’s, under its own program; an outpatient clinic’s claim for the same child is a separate matter with its own eligibility and authorization.

Does Kentucky Medicaid cover therapy by telehealth?

Kentucky Medicaid pays an eligible telehealth care provider at least 100 percent of the amount paid for a comparable in-person service, though an MCO and a provider may set a different rate by contract. A telehealth service has the same referral requirements as an in-person service.⁠^{103,104,105,106} The telehealth section below covers the state’s own rules for the session itself.

What are Kentucky’s telehealth rules for therapy?

A therapist treating a patient by video needs authority to practice where the patient is located at the time of the session, and the federal telehealth site says so plainly: licensure follows the patient’s location, and a compact privilege is one route to it.⁠¹⁶ Each licensing law requires a treating PT or PTA, OT, or SLP who provides telehealth to obtain the informed consent of the patient, or of a person with authority to make the treatment decision, before telehealth services begin, and to keep the patient’s medical information confidential. The physical therapy board’s rule requires a telehealth provider to be licensed, or otherwise authorized, where the patient is physically present or domiciled. The physical therapy board’s rule requires the PT, at the first telehealth contact, to verify the patient’s identity and to inform the patient, and document the acknowledgement, of the risks and limits of electronic communication, possible breaches of confidentiality and possible disruption. The speech-language pathology board’s rule lets a practitioner-patient relationship start through telehealth, with no in-person first meeting unless the provider decides in-person services are medically necessary.⁠^{107,108,109,110,111,112}

A compact privilege is not a national license: it is a privilege to practice in the specific member state that issued it, under that state’s licensing law, and a state that has enacted the compact may not yet be issuing privileges, which is why the table names the commission’s current status.⁠^17,18,19 KRS 304.17A-138 requires a health benefit plan issued or renewed on or after January 1, 2022, to reimburse covered services delivered through telehealth equivalent to the same service in person, unless the provider and the plan agree by contract to a lower telehealth rate, and bars such a plan from requiring prior authorization, medical review or administrative clearance for telehealth that it would not require in person.⁠^113,114

Which business steps are specific to Kentucky?

The entity is registered with the Kentucky Secretary of State’s Office.⁠³² State tax registration is with the Kentucky Department of Revenue, through the Kentucky Tax Registration Application at MyTaxes.ky.gov.⁠^115,116 Kentucky’s six percent sales tax applies to retail sales of tangible personal property and digital property and to the furnishing of the services the statute lists. Its medical exemptions include prosthetic devices bought by a health care provider for a specific person’s treatment or prescribed to the buyer, mobility enhancing equipment and durable medical equipment for which a prescription is issued.⁠^117,118,119 Kentucky’s workers’ compensation law makes any employer with one or more employees in the state, other than one engaged solely in agriculture, subject to it, and every such employer must insure its liability for compensation with an authorized insurer or prove to the commissioner its financial ability to pay compensation directly.⁠^120,121 A city or county business license is a local question, answered by the city hall of the clinic’s address. The startup-costs guide carries the budget worksheet these registrations go into.

What record and privacy rules apply in Kentucky?

As Kentucky Medicaid requirements, an independent physical therapy provider keeps a recipient’s health record for at least seven years from the date of service, and an independent occupational therapy or speech-language pathology provider for at least five years, in each case or until any audit dispute or issue is resolved beyond five years. The physical therapy board’s rule makes the PT responsible for each patient’s record, which holds the evaluation and, as required, ongoing documentation and reassessment.⁠^28,29,30,31 Two federal periods sit beside it and are often confused with it: Medicare requires 7 years for documentation of orders, certifications, referrals and payment requests, and HIPAA requires 6 years for its own compliance documentation, and neither sets the retention period for the clinical chart.⁠^122,123

The physical therapy act makes failing to keep patient confidentiality, without the documented authorization of the patient or an authorized decision maker or a legal requirement, a ground for discipline. The occupational therapy and speech-language pathology codes of ethics likewise require licensees to protect patient confidences, with stated exceptions.⁠^124,125,126 Kentucky’s breach law requires a business that holds computerized personally identifiable information to tell an affected Kentucky resident of a breach in the most expedient time possible and without unreasonable delay, and to notify the nationwide consumer reporting agencies when it notifies more than 1,000 people at one time. The breach section does not apply to a person subject to the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.⁠^127,128,129 Kentucky requires any person who knows or has reasonable cause to believe that a child is dependent, neglected or abused to report it immediately, orally or in writing, to local law enforcement, the Kentucky State Police, the Cabinet for Health and Family Services, the Commonwealth’s attorney or the county attorney. The adult protection law likewise requires any person with reasonable cause to suspect that an adult has suffered abuse, neglect or exploitation to report it, immediately, to the Cabinet.⁠^130,131,132

Which Kentucky rules shape a pediatric clinic?

The Kentucky Early Intervention System, run by the Department for Public Health in the Cabinet for Health and Family Services, serves children from birth to age 3 with developmental delays or disabilities in every county. Anyone can refer a child, and referrals go to the regional point of entry offices, which determine eligibility and coordinate the individual family service plan. Its regulations call it First Steps, defined as Kentucky’s early intervention system. The program is Kentucky’s implementation of the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act for infants and toddlers. A child may qualify through a developmental delay in at least one of five skill areas, an established risk condition likely to cause a delay, such as Down syndrome, or the informed clinical opinion of a multidisciplinary team. Most families pay nothing; some with the highest incomes share in the cost through Family Share, a sliding fee that does not depend on how many services a child receives. KEIS contracts with early intervention providers whose visits involve the parent and usually take place where the child spends time, such as home or childcare, rather than in a therapy clinic. For Kentucky Medicaid, a KEIS service provider must be enrolled with the Department for Public Health and as an active Medicaid provider, and with the member’s MCO where that applies.⁠^{33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41} A child who turns three moves from early intervention to the school district’s evaluation, and a private clinic’s services run beside both systems rather than inside them. Kentucky requires all health benefit plans issued or renewed on or after January 1, 2019, to cover the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorders, including therapeutic care by licensed speech therapists, occupational therapists and physical therapists, with no maximum annual benefit limit, including no limit on the number of visits to an autism services provider. Except for inpatient services, an insurer may request a utilization review of autism treatment no more than once every 12 months unless a more frequent review is agreed.⁠^{133,134,135,136} The autism insurance mandates guide covers how such a mandate meets a plan’s own terms. The Office for Children with Special Health Care Needs can provide physical, occupational and speech therapy to Kentucky residents younger than 21 with a qualifying condition who meet its financial guidelines, through its clinics or financial assistance, with every service authorized in advance by the child’s care coordinator.⁠^137,138

Which Kentucky rules shape an adult clinic?

Medicare claims from Kentucky go to CGS Administrators, LLC, the Medicare Administrative Contractor for Jurisdiction 15, Parts A and B (Kentucky and Ohio), whose local coverage articles for therapy are the ones a Kentucky clinic reads.⁠¹³⁹ Kentucky Medicaid’s adult therapy rules are in the Medicaid section above.

Which associations and directory pages serve Kentucky?

The state chapters are APTA Kentucky for physical therapy and the Kentucky Speech-Language-Hearing Association for speech-language pathology.⁠^140,141 On DrSensory, families browse Kentucky clinics by discipline on the occupational therapy, physical therapy and speech therapy pages for the state, which the directory builds from the clinic addresses it holds; a clinic appears on the pages of its own address.⁠¹⁴²

Which Kentucky cities have DrSensory city pages?

Beyond its three Kentucky pages, the directory publishes city pages for 2 Kentucky cities, 6 pages across the three disciplines, each listing the clinics whose address is in that city; a clinic appears on the city page of its address without any action of its own, and a city or discipline without a page is reached through the state page.⁠¹⁴²

How many Kentucky PT, OT and SLP clinics does DrSensory list?

DrSensory lists 70 PT, OT and SLP clinics in Kentucky, on its occupational therapy, physical therapy and speech therapy pages for the state.⁠¹⁴²

Where does each requirement come from, and what does the clinic do?

Which templates does a Kentucky launch need?

How might two Kentucky clinics plan a launch?

Sources

1. Kentucky Board of Physical Therapy. Kentucky Board of Physical Therapy. Checked October 30, 2026.
2. Kentucky Board of Physical Therapy. Frequently Asked Questions. Checked October 30, 2026.
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   “Does a physical therapist need an order or referral to provide physical therapy services to a patient? No. Physical therapists are authorized to provide direct treatment of physical therapy to their patients as long as the patient’s medical condition is within the scope of his or her practice.”
3. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 11:034, Early and periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment services and early and periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment special services. Checked October 30, 2026.
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   “Section 7. EPSDT Special Services. EPSDT special services shall include other health care, diagnostic services, preventive services, rehabilitative services, treatment, or other measures described in 42 U.S.C. 1396d(a), that are not otherwise covered under the Kentucky Medicaid Program and that are medically necessary, as defined in Section 9 of this administrative regulation, to correct or ameliorate a defect, physical or mental illness, or condition of a recipient. ... (5) "Recipient" means a Medicaid eligible child under the age of twenty-one (21), including the month in which the child becomes twenty-one (21).”
4. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 11:034, Early and periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment services and early and periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment special services. Checked October 30, 2026.
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   “Section 9. Prior Authorization for EPSDT Diagnosis and Treatment Services and EPSDT Special Services. Except as otherwise provided for in this section or in 907 KAR Chapter 1 or 3, an EPSDT diagnosis or treatment service or an EPSDT special service which is not otherwise covered by the Kentucky Medicaid Program shall be covered subject to prior authorization if the requirements of subsections (1) and (2) of this section are met.”
5. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. Physical Therapist - PT (87). “To receive services from a PT, an order must be signed by a KY Medicaid participating physician, advanced practitioner registered nurse (APRN), physician assistant (PA), or psychiatrist. (when applicable). A beneficiary may receive 20 visits per the calendar year.” Checked October 30, 2026.
6. Kentucky Board of Licensure for Occupational Therapy. Kentucky Board of Licensure for Occupational Therapy. Checked October 30, 2026.
7. Kentucky Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology. Kentucky Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology. Checked October 30, 2026.
8. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 327.010, Definitions for chapter (effective July 15, 2026). “(7) "Refer" or "referral" means the procedure by which a licensed health care provider designates the initiation of physical therapy treatment by a licensed physical therapist.” Checked October 30, 2026.
9. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 22:053, Code of ethical standards and standards of practice for physical therapists and physical therapist assistants. Checked October 30, 2026.
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   “Section 2. Standards of Practice for the Physical Therapist. While engaged in the practice of physical therapy, a physical therapist shall: ... (2) Evaluate each patient prior to initiation of treatment; ... (5) Refer the patient to other professionals or services if the treatment or service is beyond the physical therapist’s scope of practice ...”
10. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:020, Independent physical therapy service coverage provisions and requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “2. Is ordered for the recipient by a physician, physician assistant, or advanced practice registered nurse for: a. Maximum reduction of a physical or intellectual disability; or b. Restoration of a recipient to the recipient’s best possible functioning level; ...”
11. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:020, Independent physical therapy service coverage provisions and requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(2) (a) There shall be an annual limit of twenty (20) physical therapy visits per recipient per calendar year except as established in this subsection. (b) The limit established in paragraph (a) of this subsection may be exceeded if services in excess of the limits are determined to be medically necessary by the: 1. Department, if the recipient is not enrolled with a managed care organization; or 2. Managed care organization in which the enrollee is enrolled, if the recipient is an enrollee.”
12. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:010, Independent occupational therapy service coverage provisions and requirements. “(2) (a) There shall be an annual limit of twenty (20) occupational therapy service visits per recipient per calendar year except as established in paragraph (b) of this subsection.” Checked October 30, 2026.
13. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:030, Independent speech-language pathology service coverage provisions and requirements. “(2) (a) There shall be an annual limit of twenty (20) speech-language pathology service visits per recipient per calendar year, except as established in paragraph (b) of this subsection.” Checked October 30, 2026.
14. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:040, Coverage of occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech-language pathology services provided by various entities. “(3) (a) There shall be an annual limit of twenty (20) rehabilitative visits and an annual limit of twenty (20) habilitative visits for each of the following ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
15. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:020, Independent physical therapy service coverage provisions and requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(d) The limit established in paragraph (a) of this subsection shall not apply to the list of diagnoses established in this paragraph. The therapy diagnosis codes referenced are for information purposes only and shall be updated, if necessary, by the department on an annual basis on any relevant fee schedules. These therapy diagnoses and diagnosis codes shall not be subject to a prior authorization requirement after meeting the visit limit in paragraph (a) of this subsection: 1. Cerebral palsy, currently referenced by diagnosis code G80; 2. Amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), currently referenced by diagnosis code G12; 3. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), currently referenced by diagnosis code G12; 4. Muscular dystrophy, currently referenced by diagnosis code G71; 5. Multiple sclerosis, currently referenced by diagnosis code G35; 6. Any traumatic brain injury currently referenced by diagnosis code S06; 7. Parkinson’s, currently referenced by diagnosis code G20; 8. Alzheimer’s disease, currently referenced by diagnosis code G30; 9. Dementia, currently referenced by diagnosis codes F01 to F03; 10. Frontotemporal dementia, currently referenced by diagnosis code G31; 11. Any intellectual disability currently referenced by diagnosis codes F70 to F79; 12. Ankylosing spondylitis, currently referenced by diagnosis code M45.9; or 13. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), currently referenced by diagnosis code M48.1.”
16. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Getting started with licensure (Telehealth.HHS.gov, last updated February 21, 2024). Checked October 26, 2026.
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    “Health professionals must meet the licensure requirements of the state where they are located and be licensed or legally permitted to practice in the state where the patient is located”. Its companion page, Licensing across state lines (last updated April 30, 2025): “The ability to deliver health care services across state lines varies based on state regulations”; “Prior to an appointment, providers should verify patient location and obtain consent”; “Compacts allow participating health care providers to practice in participating states”.
17. PT Compact Commission. PT Compact Map. “Member States (38) ... Kansas Kentucky Louisiana ... 38 Member States Actively Issuing and Accepting Compact Privileges ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
18. Kentucky Board of Physical Therapy. Compact Privilege. “You must take the Jurisprudence Exam (JE) for Kentucky if you wish to purchase compact privileges for Kentucky.” Checked October 30, 2026.
19. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 327.300, Physical Therapy Licensure Compact. “The purpose of this Compact is to facilitate interstate practice of physical therapy with the goal of improving public access to physical therapy services.” Checked October 30, 2026.
20. Occupational Therapy Compact Commission. Before You Apply for an OT Compact Privilege. “States not listed below are not a member of the Occupational Therapy Compact. ... Accepting OTC Applications? ... Kentucky Not Yet ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
21. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 319A.310, Occupational Therapy Licensure Compact. “The purpose of this Compact is to facilitate interstate practice of occupational therapy with the goal of improving public access to occupational therapy services.” Checked October 30, 2026.
22. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 28:240E, Occupational Therapy Licensure Compact (emergency regulation, effective July 6, 2026). “Section 1. The Board of Licensure for Occupational Therapy shall comply with all rules of the Occupational Therapy Compact, which includes the Occupational Therapy Compact Rules as of May 6, 2026.” Checked October 30, 2026.
23. Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact Commission. ASLP-IC Commission Delegates. “Member State Appointed Delegates ... Kentucky Audiology Angela Mikel Kentucky SLP Appointment Pending ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
24. Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact Commission. Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact. “Registration for compact privileges to practice is open for licensed practitioners in Louisiana, Ohio, Tennessee, and West Virginia.” Checked October 30, 2026.
25. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 334A.188, Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact. “The purpose of this Compact is to facilitate interstate practice of audiology and speech-language pathology with the goal of improving public access to audiology and speech-language pathology services.” Checked October 30, 2026.
26. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 17:120E, Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact (emergency regulation, effective August 18, 2026). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Section 1. The Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology shall comply with all rules of the Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact, which includes the Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact Rules as of June 29, 2026.”
27. Code of Federal Regulations. 42 CFR 424.24, Requirements for medical and other health services furnished by providers under Medicare Part B (eCFR, up to date as of October 22, 2026; paragraph (c), outpatient physical therapy, occupational therapy and speech-language pathology services). Checked October 26, 2026.
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    “The individual needs, or needed, physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech-language pathology services.”; “The services were furnished while the individual was under the care of a physician, nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, or physician assistant.”; “The initial certification must be obtained as soon as possible after the plan is established.”; “Recertification is required at least every 90 days.”; “When it is recertified, the plan or other documentation in the patient’s record must indicate the continuing need for physical therapy, occupational therapy or speech-language pathology services.”; “the therapist has documented evidence that the plan of treatment has been delivered to the physician, NP, PA, or CNS within 30 days of completion of the initial evaluation, the certification does not need to be signed by a physician, NP, CNS, or PA who has knowledge of the case.”; “No references to an order or referral in this subsection shall be construed to require an order or referral for outpatient physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech-language pathology services.”.
28. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:020, Independent physical therapy service coverage provisions and requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(2) (a) Except as established in paragraph (b) of this subsection, a provider shall maintain a health record regarding a recipient for at least seven (7) years from the date of the service or until any audit dispute or issue is resolved beyond five (5) years; ...”
29. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:010, Independent occupational therapy service coverage provisions and requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(4) (a) Except as established in paragraph (b) of this subsection, a provider shall maintain a health record regarding a recipient for at least five (5) years from the date of the service or until any audit dispute or issue is resolved beyond five (5) years.”
30. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:030, Independent speech-language pathology service coverage provisions and requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(2) (a) Except as established in paragraph (b) of this subsection, a provider shall maintain a health record regarding a recipient for at least five (5) years from the date of the service or until any audit dispute or issue is resolved beyond five (5) years.”
31. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 22:053, Code of ethical standards and standards of practice for physical therapists and physical therapist assistants. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Section 5. Standards for Documentation. (1) The physical therapist shall be responsible for the physical therapy record of a patient. The physical therapy record shall include an evaluation and, as required, ongoing documentation and reassessment.”
32. Kentucky Secretary of State. Business Filings. “If you decide to form an entity, you can complete most filings online through this website.” Checked October 30, 2026.
33. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Public Health. Kentucky Early Intervention System. “The Kentucky Early Intervention System is a statewide program that provides interventional services to families with children with developmental disabilities from birth to age 3.” Checked October 30, 2026.
34. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Public Health. Kentucky Early Intervention System. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Anyone can refer a child to the Kentucky Early Intervention System. Referrals are sent to specially trained teams at regional point of entry (POE) offices. The POE receives referrals to the Kentucky Early Intervention System program, determines eligibility through evaluations and assessments, and coordinates the development of individual family service plans.”
35. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Public Health. Kentucky Early Intervention System. “The Kentucky Early Intervention System is the Commonwealth’s implementation of the federal Individuals with Disability Education Act.” Checked October 30, 2026.
36. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Public Health. Kentucky Early Intervention System. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “There are three ways that a child may be eligible for services. Developmental delay - A child may be eligible for services if an evaluation shows the child is not developing similarly to other children in at least one of five different skill areas: communication, cognition, physical, social and emotional, or self-help. Established risk condition - A child may be eligible for services if diagnosed with a physical or mental condition likely to result in a developmental delay such as Down Syndrome. Informed clinical opinion - A child may be eligible for services if the clinical evaluation and expertise of a multidisciplinary team of professionals determines the child is in need of services.”
37. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Public Health. Kentucky Early Intervention System. “Most families recieve services at no cost to them, but some families with the highest incomes are asked to share in the cost of services for their child.” Checked October 30, 2026.
38. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Public Health. Kentucky Early Intervention System. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “The Kentucky Early Intervention System contracts with specialized early intervention providers to deliver services that actively involve the parent in visits. Visits are usually conducted where a child spends their time (home, childcare, playground) and typically differ from services provided in a therapy clinic or medical center.”
39. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 902 KAR 30:001, Definitions for 902 KAR Chapter 30. “"First Steps" means Kentucky’s early intervention system, which is defined by KRS 200.654(8).” Checked October 30, 2026.
40. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. KEIS - PT (24). “It is administered by the Department for Public Health in the Cabinet for Health and Family Services.” Checked October 30, 2026.
41. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. KEIS - PT (24). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “The KEIS program is recognized in Kentucky Medicaid as Provider Type (24). To enroll or bill Kentucky Medicaid, a KEIS service provider must be: Enrolled with the Department for Public Health in the Cabinet for Health and Family Services Enrolled as an active Medicaid provider and, if applicable, enrolled with the managed care organization (MCO) of any beneficiary it serves.”
42. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 327.030, Board of Physical Therapy -- Membership. “(1) There is hereby established a Board of Physical Therapy which shall consist of seven (7) members who shall be appointed by the Governor as follows ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
43. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 327.010, Definitions for chapter (effective July 15, 2026). “(4) "Physical therapist assistant" means a person who is licensed pursuant to this chapter and provides physical therapy services under the direction and supervision of a licensed physical therapist ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
44. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 22:040, Procedure for renewal or reinstatement of a credential for a physical therapist or physical therapist assistant. “Section 1. A credential shall be renewed upon: (1) Payment of the renewal fee established in 201 KAR 22:135 on or before March 31 of each odd numbered year.” Checked October 30, 2026.
45. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 22:040, Procedure for renewal or reinstatement of a credential for a physical therapist or physical therapist assistant. “Section 2. Credentials not renewed by the board by March 31 of each odd numbered year shall lapse.” Checked October 30, 2026.
46. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 22:045, Continued competency requirements and procedures. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(a) For a physical therapist, the board shall require thirty (30) contact hours as a condition of licensure renewal. These hours shall be obtained as established in subparagraphs 1. through 3. of this paragraph. 1. Two (2) hours shall be awarded for the successful completion of the Jurisprudence Examination per biennium. 2. At least eighteen (18) hours shall be earned from Category 1 as established in subsection (2) of this section. 3. Hours may be earned from Category 2 and shall be as established in subsection (3) of this section. Hours earned from Category 2 over ten (10) hours shall not be awarded.”
47. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 22:045, Continued competency requirements and procedures. “(b) For a physical therapist assistant, the board shall require twenty (20) contact hours as a condition of renewal.” Checked October 30, 2026.
48. Kentucky Board of Physical Therapy. Jurisprudence Exam. “All PTs and PTAs are required to complete the most up-to-date JE between April 1, 2025, and March 31, 2027. There are No Exceptions!” Checked October 30, 2026.
49. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 22:053, Code of ethical standards and standards of practice for physical therapists and physical therapist assistants. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Section 4. Standards for Supervision. While supervising the physical therapist assistant and supportive personnel, the physical therapist shall: (1) (a) At all times, including all work locations in all jurisdictions, be limited to supervising not more than four (4) physical therapist assistants or supportive personnel; ...”
50. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 22:053, Code of ethical standards and standards of practice for physical therapists and physical therapist assistants. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Section 3. Standards of Practice for the Physical Therapist Assistant. While engaged in the practice of physical therapy, the physical therapist assistant shall: (1) Provide services only under the supervision and direction of a physical therapist; ... (3) Initiate treatment only after evaluation by the physical therapist ...”
51. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 22:053, Code of ethical standards and standards of practice for physical therapists and physical therapist assistants. “(e) Supervising the physical therapist assistant by being available and accessible by telecommunications during the working hours of the physical therapist assistant ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
52. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 319A.020, Board of Licensure for Occupational Therapy -- Appointment. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) There is hereby created the Kentucky Board of Licensure for Occupational Therapy which shall consist of seven (7) members to be appointed by the Governor. Four (4) members shall be licensed occupational therapists with at least five (5) years’ experience; one (1) member shall be a licensed occupational therapy assistant with at least five (5) years’ experience in the practice of occupational therapy; and two (2) members shall be members of the public with an interest in the rights of consumers of health services.”
53. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 28:060E, Licensure, renewals, and reinstatements (emergency regulation, effective October 14, 2026). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Section 4. License Renewal and Grace Period. (1) An individual licensed by the board shall submit annually, on or before October 31: (a) A completed Annual OT/OTA Renewal Application, DPL-OT-03, July 2026; (b) The appropriate fee for renewal: 1. Fifty (50) dollars for an OT/L; 2. Thirty-five (35) dollars for an OTA/L; and (c) Evidence of completion of twelve (12) continuing competence units.”
54. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 319A.160, License renewal, reinstatement, restoration, and reissuance. “(1) Licenses issued under this chapter shall be subject to annual renewal and shall expire unless renewed upon the payment of a renewal fee in the manner prescribed by the rules of the board.” Checked October 30, 2026.
55. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 28:060E, Licensure, renewals, and reinstatements (emergency regulation, effective October 14, 2026). “(3) An individual licensed by the board who has failed to renew as required by subsection (1) of this section shall be granted a sixty (60) day grace period to submit ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
56. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 28:200, Continuing competence. “(1) A licensee applying for license renewal shall complete a minimum of twelve (12) CCUs of qualified activities for maintaining continuing competence during the preceding annual renewal period.” Checked October 30, 2026.
57. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 28:200, Continuing competence. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(5) At least once every six (6) years from date of initial license issue or from date of last completed training program in suicide assessment, treatment, and management that is pre-approved by the board, each licensee shall complete a training program in suicide assessment, treatment, and management that is pre-approved by the board.”
58. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 28:130, Supervision of occupational therapy assistants, occupational therapy aides, occupational therapy students, and temporary permit holders. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Section 3. Supervision of Licensed Occupational Therapy Assistants. (1) An OTA/L shall assist in the practice of occupational therapy only under the supervision of an OT/L. (2) The supervisor shall provide no less than four (4) hours per month of general supervision for each occupational therapy assistant which shall include no less than two (2) hours per month of face-to-face supervision.”
59. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 28:130, Supervision of occupational therapy assistants, occupational therapy aides, occupational therapy students, and temporary permit holders. “3. The OTA/L may not evaluate independently or initiate therapy prior to the OT/L’s evaluation.” Checked October 30, 2026.
60. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 334A.070, Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology -- Meetings. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) There is hereby created a Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology which shall consist of eight (8) members to be appointed by the Governor. Three (3) members shall be audiologists, three (3) members shall be speech-language pathologists, one (1) shall be an otolaryngologist and one (1) member shall be a citizen at large who is not associated with or financially interested in the practice or business regulated.”
61. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 334A.030, License required for speech-language pathology or audiology. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) Licensure shall be granted as a speech-language pathologist, speech-language pathology assistant, or audiologist independently. A person may be licensed in more than one (1) area if he meets the respective qualifications. (2) No person shall practice or represent himself as a speech-language pathologist, speech-language pathology assistant, or audiologist in this state unless he is licensed in accordance with the provisions of this law.”
62. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 334A.035, Interim license requirement -- Exemption for public school speech-language pathologists with teacher certification in communication disorders. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(3) (a) A speech-language pathologist employed solely by the public schools in a certified position who holds a teacher certification in communication disorders issued by the Education Professional Standards Board shall be exempt from holding a license issued by the board. (b) A speech-language pathologist in a classified position who does not hold a teacher certification in communication disorders issued by the Education Professional Standards Board shall apply for and maintain appropriate licensure.”
63. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 17:030E, License fees, renewal, reinstatement, and inactive license requirements (emergency regulation, effective July 16, 2026). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Section 2. Renewal Requirements. (1) A license shall be renewed biennially on or before the due date of January 31 and no later than the grace period ending on March 2 of that year. Any license not timely renewed will expire on March 3 ...”
64. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 334A.170, Renewal of licenses -- Fees. “(1) Each licensed speech-language pathologist, speech-language pathology assistant, or audiologist shall biennially, on or before January 31, pay to the board a renewal fee not to exceed one hundred fifty dollars ($150) for a renewal of his or her license.” Checked October 30, 2026.
65. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 17:090, Continuing education requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Section 2. Accrual of Continuing Education Hours. (1) A minimum of thirty (30) continuing education hours shall be accrued by each person holding licensure as a speech-language pathologist, speech-language pathology assistant, or audiologist during the biennial period for renewal. Two (2) of these hours shall be focused on ethics.”
66. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 17:090, Continuing education requirements. “(2) A person who holds a license in both speech-language pathology and audiology shall complete a minimum of fifty (50) continuing education hours during the biennial period for renewal.” Checked October 30, 2026.
67. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 334A.033, License for speech-language pathology assistant -- Requirements for licensure -- Supervision requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) The board may issue a license to practice as a speech-language pathology assistant under the following conditions: (a) The practice shall be limited to the public schools and shall be under the supervision of an appropriately qualified supervisor ...”
68. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 334A.033, License for speech-language pathology assistant -- Requirements for licensure -- Supervision requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “1. A person holding an interim license as a speech-language pathology assistant shall receive no less than three (3) hours per week of documented direct supervision and three (3) hours per week of indirect supervision from an appropriate supervisor as determined by the board; 2. A person holding a license as a speech-language pathology assistant with less than three (3) years of full-time experience shall receive no less than two (2) hours per week of documented direct supervision and two (2) hours per week of indirect supervision from an appropriate supervisor as determined by the board; 3. A person holding a license as a speech-language pathology assistant with three (3) or more years of full-time experience shall receive no less than one (1) hour per week of documented direct supervision and one (1) hour per week of indirect supervision ...”
69. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 334A.020, Definitions for chapter. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “"Speech-language pathology assistant" means one who assists in the practice of speech-language pathology only under the supervision and direction of an appropriately qualified supervisor and only within the public school system in the Commonwealth. Any speech-language pathology services provided without appropriate supervision or outside the public school system shall be deemed to be the unlicensed practice of speech-language pathology and shall subject the offending party to penalties established in KRS 334A.990 ...”
70. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 17:027, Supervision requirements and caseload limitations of Speech-Language Pathology Assistants. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “A speech-language pathology assistant shall be supervised by either: (a) A speech-language pathologist licensed by the Kentucky Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology; or (b) An Education Professional Standards Board master’s level certification as a teacher of exceptional children in the areas of speech and communication disorders.”
71. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 319A.010, Definitions for chapter. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(2) "Practice of occupational therapy" means the therapeutic use of purposeful and meaningful occupations (goal-directed activities) to evaluate and treat individuals who have a disease or disorder, impairment, activity limitation, or participation restriction that interferes with their ability to function independently in daily life roles, and to promote health and wellness.”
72. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 28:140, Code of ethics and unprofessional conduct. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(7) An OT/L or an OTA/L shall inform the referring source when any requested occupational therapy service is contraindicated, in the professional judgment of the licensee, and may refuse to carry out that request. ... (8) An OT/L shall competently provide the following minimum services: (a) Proper interpretation of all referrals ...”
73. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:010, Independent occupational therapy service coverage provisions and requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “2. Is ordered for the recipient by a physician, physician assistant, or advanced practice registered nurse for: a. Maximum reduction of a physical or intellectual disability; or b. Restoration of a recipient to the recipient’s best possible functioning level; 3. Is prior authorized; and 4. Is medically necessary ...”
74. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 334A.020, Definitions for chapter. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “"Practice of speech pathology" means the application of principles, methods, and procedures for the measurement, testing, audiometric screening, identification, appraisal, determination of prognosis, evaluation, consultation, remediation, counseling, instruction, and research related to the development and disorders of speech, voice, verbal and written language, cognition/communication, or oral and pharyngeal sensorimotor competencies for the purpose of designing and implementing programs for the amelioration of these disorders and conditions.”
75. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:030, Independent speech-language pathology service coverage provisions and requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “2. Is ordered for the recipient by a physician, physician assistant, or advanced practice registered nurse for: a. Maximum reduction of a physical or intellectual disability; or b. Restoration of a recipient to the recipient’s best possible functioning level; 3. Is prior authorized; and 4. Is medically necessary ...”
76. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. Provider Enrollment, Revalidation, or Maintenance. Checked October 30, 2026.
77. Medicaid.gov (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services). Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment (Medicaid benefit page). Checked October 26, 2026.
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    “The Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT) benefit provides comprehensive and preventive health care services for children under age 21 who are enrolled in Medicaid.”; “It is the responsibility of states to determine medical necessity on a case-by-case basis.”.
78. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:020, Independent physical therapy service coverage provisions and requirements. “(c) Prior authorization by the department shall be required only for each therapy visit that exceeds the limit established in paragraph (a) of this subsection unless a managed care organization establishes a higher limit contractually with the provider.” Checked October 30, 2026.
79. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:010, Independent occupational therapy service coverage provisions and requirements. “(c) Prior authorization by the department shall be required for each service visit that exceeds the limit established in paragraph (a) of this subsection for a recipient who is not enrolled with a managed care organization.” Checked October 30, 2026.
80. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:030, Independent speech-language pathology service coverage provisions and requirements. “(c) Prior authorization by the department shall be required for each speech-language pathology service that exceeds the limit established in paragraph (a) of this subsection for a recipient who is not enrolled with a managed care organization.” Checked October 30, 2026.
81. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. Physical Therapist - PT (87). “Each MCO provides prior authorization for its beneficiaries. Gainwell Technologies provides prior authorizations for fee-for-service (FFS) beneficiaries.” Checked October 30, 2026.
82. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:010, Independent occupational therapy service coverage provisions and requirements. “3. Is prior authorized; and 4. Is medically necessary ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
83. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:030, Independent speech-language pathology service coverage provisions and requirements. “3. Is prior authorized; and 4. Is medically necessary ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
84. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. Kentucky Medicaid Therapy Prior Authorization Request Form (revised June 8, 2023). “Submit clinical documentation to support medical necessity to include at minimum: order for therapy (must be no greater than 30 calendar days of service dates requested)” Checked October 30, 2026.
85. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. Managed Care Organizations. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “The Department for Medicaid Services (DMS) uses managed care organizations (MCOs) to provide coverage for most Kentucky Medicaid members. DMS oversees the Medicaid program, and the MCOs cover the services each member needs. Kentucky Medicaid offers five MCO options and members choose which one they want to use.”
86. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. Managed Care Organizations. “Aetna Better Health of Kentucky ... Humana Healthy Horizons in Kentucky ... Passport Health Plan by Molina Healthcare ... UnitedHealthcare Community Plan ... WellCare of Kentucky ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
87. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. Kentucky Medicaid Anthem MCO Transition. “Anthem Kentucky Managed Care Plan, Inc. is no longer a Kentucky Medicaid Managed Care Organization effective Jan. 1, 2025 ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
88. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. Fee Schedules. Checked October 30, 2026.
89. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. Physical Therapist - PT (87). “Independent physical therapists are recognized in Kentucky Medicaid as Provider Type 87.” Checked October 30, 2026.
90. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. Physical Therapist - PT (87). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Kentucky Medicaid requires PT providers to bill on a CMS 1500 claim form utilizing the following code types where applicable: Current Procedure Terminology (CPT) codes, regulated by the American Medical Association (AMA). Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) codes, regulated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS).”
91. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. Occupational Therapist (OT) - PT (88). “Kentucky Medicaid requires OT providers to bill on a CMS 1500 claim form utilizing the following code types where applicable ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
92. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. Speech-Language Pathologist - PT (79). “Kentucky Medicaid requires SLP providers to bill on a CMS 1500 claim form utilizing the following code types where applicable ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
93. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. Occupational Therapist (OT) - PT (88). “Independent occupational therapists are recognized in Kentucky Medicaid as Provider Type 88.” Checked October 30, 2026.
94. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. Speech-Language Pathologist - PT (79). “Independent Speech Language Pathologist are recognized in Kentucky Medicaid as Provider Type 79.” Checked October 30, 2026.
95. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:020, Independent physical therapy service coverage provisions and requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(2) Physical therapy provided in accordance with Section 2 of this administrative regulation by a physical therapist assistant who works under the direct supervision of a physical therapist who meets the requirements in subsection (1) of this section shall be reimbursable if the physical therapist is the biller for the therapy.”
96. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:025, Physical therapy service reimbursement provisions and requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) The department shall reimburse for a physical therapy service provided by a: (a) Physical therapist, in accordance with 907 KAR 8:020 and this section, at 63.75 percent of the rate for the service listed on the current Kentucky-specific Medicare Physician Fee Schedule; or (b) Physical therapist assistant working for a physical therapist, in accordance with 907 KAR 8:020 and this section, at 37.5 percent of the rate for the service listed on the current Kentucky-specific Medicare Physician Fee Schedule.”
97. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 8:015, Independent occupational therapy service reimbursement provisions and requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) The department shall reimburse for an occupational therapy service provided by an: (a) Occupational therapist, in accordance with 907 KAR 8:010 and this section, at 63.75 percent of the rate for the service listed on the current Kentucky-specific Medicare Physician Fee Schedule; or (b) Occupational therapy assistant working for an occupational therapist, in accordance with 907 KAR 8:010 and this section, at 37.5 percent of the rate for the service listed on the current Kentucky-specific Medicare Physician Fee Schedule.”
98. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. Physical Therapist - PT (87). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Claims must be received within twelve (12) months from the date the service was provided, twelve (12) months from the date retroactive eligibility was established, or six (6) months of the Medicare adjudication date if the service was billed to Medicare.”
99. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 1:715, School-based health services. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(2) The following services shall be covered if provided to address a medical or mental disability and to assist an individual in benefiting from special education programming which is included, authorized, and provided in accordance with the individualized education program: (a) Nursing; (b) Audiology; (c) Speech and language; (d) Occupational therapy; (e) Physical therapy ...”
100. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 11:034, Early and periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment services and early and periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment special services. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(5) A school-based health service provided in accordance with 907 KAR 1:715 which is included in an authorized Individual Education Program (IEP) shall be considered to be medically necessary and shall not be subject to further Medicaid prior authorization requirements.”
101. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. School-Based Health Services (SBHS) - PT 21. “Children ages three to 21 enrolled in or eligible for Medicaid under provision of and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and who have an IEP are eligible for school-based health services.” Checked October 30, 2026.
102. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Medicaid Services. School-Based Health Services (SBHS) - PT 21. “Children who receive school-based health services are not prohibited from receiving services through the Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment program. When medically necessary, services may be covered through both programs ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
103. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 3:170, Telehealth service coverage and reimbursement. “(1) (a) The department shall reimburse an eligible telehealth care provider for a telehealth service in an amount that is at least 100 percent of the amount paid for a comparable in-person service.” Checked October 30, 2026.
104. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 3:170, Telehealth service coverage and reimbursement. “(8) A telehealth service shall have the same referral requirements as an in-person service.” Checked October 30, 2026.
105. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 3:170, Telehealth service coverage and reimbursement. “(b) A managed care organization and provider may establish a different rate for telehealth reimbursement via contract ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
106. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 907 KAR 3:170, Telehealth service coverage and reimbursement. “(1) Any recipient, upon being offered the option of an asynchronous or audio-only telehealth visit, shall have the opportunity or option to request to be accommodated by that provider in an in-person encounter or synchronous telehealth encounter.” Checked October 30, 2026.
107. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 327.200, Duty of treating physical therapist utilizing telehealth to ensure patient’s informed consent and maintain confidentiality. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(1) A treating physical therapist or physical therapist assistant who provides or facilitates the use of telehealth shall ensure: (a) That the informed consent of the patient, or another appropriate person with authority to make the health care treatment decision for the patient, is obtained before services are provided through telehealth; and (b) That the confidentiality of the patient’s medical information is maintained as required by this chapter and other applicable law. At a minimum, confidentiality shall be maintained through appropriate processes, practices, and technology as designated by the board and that conform to applicable federal law.”
108. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 319A.300, Duty of treating occupational therapist utilizing telehealth to ensure patient’s informed consent and maintain confidentiality. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(1) A treating occupational therapist who provides or facilitates the use of telehealth shall ensure: (a) That the informed consent of the patient, or another appropriate person with authority to make the health care treatment decision for the patient, is obtained before services are provided through telehealth ...”
109. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 334A.200, Duty of treating speech-language pathologist or audiologist utilizing telehealth to ensure patient’s informed consent and maintain confidentiality. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(1) A treating speech-language pathologist or audiologist who provides or facilitates the use of telehealth shall ensure: (a) That the informed consent of the patient, or another appropriate person with authority to make the health care treatment decision for the patient, is obtained before services are provided through telehealth ...”
110. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 22:160, Telehealth and telephysical therapy. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “Section 3. Compliance with State Law. A credential holder practicing telephysical therapy shall be: (1) Licensed to practice physical therapy where the patient is physically present or domiciled; or (2) Otherwise authorized by law to practice physical therapy in another jurisdiction where the patient is physically present or domiciled.”
111. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 22:160, Telehealth and telephysical therapy. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(6) Inform the patient and document acknowledgement of the risk and limitations of: (a) The use of electronic communications in the provision of physical therapy; (b) The potential breach of confidentiality, or inadvertent access, of protected health information using electronic communication in the provision of physical therapy; and (c) The potential disruption of electronic communication in the use of telephysical therapy.”
112. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 17:110, Telehealth and telepractice. “Section 2. Client Requirements. A practitioner-patient relationship may commence via telehealth. An in-person initial meeting shall not be required unless the provider determines it is medically necessary to perform those services in person as set forth in KRS 211.336(2)(a).” Checked October 30, 2026.
113. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 304.17A-138, Telehealth coverage and reimbursement. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(2) (a) A health benefit plan, issued or renewed on or after January 1, 2022, shall reimburse for covered services provided to an insured person through telehealth, including telehealth services provided by a home health agency licensed under KRS Chapter 216. Telehealth coverage and reimbursement shall, except as provided in paragraph (b) of this subsection, be equivalent to the coverage for the same service provided in person unless the telehealth provider and the health benefit plan contractually agree to a lower reimbursement rate for telehealth services.”
114. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 304.17A-138, Telehealth coverage and reimbursement. “2. Require prior authorization, medical review, or administrative clearance for telehealth that would not be required if a service were provided in person ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
115. Kentucky Department of Revenue. Register or Reinstate a Business. “All other business structures should register with the Kentucky Secretary of State and apply for tax accounts at MyTaxes.ky.gov.” Checked October 30, 2026.
116. Kentucky Department of Revenue. Register or Reinstate a Business. “The Kentucky Tax Registration Application allows new businesses or those starting new taxable activities to register for tax accounts.” Checked October 30, 2026.
117. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 139.200, Imposition of sales tax. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “A tax is hereby imposed upon all retailers at the rate of six percent (6%) of the gross receipts derived from: (1) Retail sales of: (a) Tangible personal property, regardless of the method of delivery, made within this Commonwealth; and (b) Digital property regardless of whether: 1. The purchaser has the right to permanently use the property; 2. The purchaser’s right to access or retain the property is not permanent; or 3. The purchaser’s right of use is conditioned upon continued payment; and (2) The furnishing of the following services ...”
118. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 139.472, Exemption for certain medical items. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(1) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, the taxes imposed by this chapter shall not apply to the sale or purchase of: ... (f) Prosthetic devices purchased by any health care provider for use in the treatment of a specific individual or purchased by an individual as prescribed by a person authorized under the laws of the Commonwealth to issue prescriptions; (g) Prosthetic devices that are individually designed or created for an individual regardless of the purchaser; (h) Mobility enhancing equipment for which a prescription is issued; and (i) Durable medical equipment, including hospital beds for which a prescription is issued.”
119. Kentucky Department of Revenue. Sales & Use Tax. “Sales Tax is imposed on the gross receipts derived from both retail sales of tangible personal property, digital property, and sales of certain services in Kentucky.” Checked October 30, 2026.
120. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 342.630, Coverage of employers. “The following shall constitute employers mandatorily subject to, and required to comply with, the provisions of this chapter: (1) Any person, other than one engaged solely in agriculture, that has in this state one (1) or more employees subject to this chapter.” Checked October 30, 2026.
121. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 342.340, Employer to insure or provide security against liability to workers. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(1) Every employer under this chapter shall: (a) Insure and keep insured its liability for compensation in some corporation, association, or organization authorized to transact the business of workers’ compensation insurance in this state; or (b) Furnish to the commissioner satisfactory proof of its financial ability to pay directly the compensation in the amount and manner and when due as provided in this chapter.”
122. Code of Federal Regulations. 42 CFR 424.516, Additional provider and supplier requirements for enrolling and maintaining active enrollment status in the Medicare program (eCFR, up to date as of October 22, 2026; paragraph (f), Maintaining and providing access to documentation). Checked October 26, 2026.
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     “A provider or a supplier that furnishes covered ordered, certified, referred, or prescribed Part A or B services, items or drugs is required to—”; “Maintain documentation (as described in paragraph (f)(1)(ii) of this section) for 7 years from the date of service; and”; “Upon the request of CMS or a Medicare contractor, to provide access to that documentation”; “The documentation includes written and electronic documents (including the NPI of the physician or, when permitted, other eligible professional who ordered, certified, referred, or prescribed the Part A or B service, item, or drug) relating to written orders, certifications, referrals, prescriptions, and requests for payments for Part A or B services, items or drugs.”.
123. Code of Federal Regulations. 45 CFR 164.316, Policies and procedures and documentation requirements (eCFR, up to date as of October 22, 2026; HIPAA Security Rule; paragraph (b)). Checked October 26, 2026.
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     “Maintain the policies and procedures implemented to comply with this subpart in written (which may be electronic) form; and”; “If an action, activity or assessment is required by this subpart to be documented, maintain a written (which may be electronic) record of the action, activity, or assessment.”; “Retain the documentation required by paragraph (b)(1) of this section for 6 years from the date of its creation or the date when it last was in effect, whichever is later.”.
124. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 327.070, Disciplinary actions. “(p) Failing to maintain patient confidentiality without documented authorization of the patient or authorized decision maker, or unless otherwise required by law ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
125. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 28:140, Code of ethics and unprofessional conduct. “(11) An OT/L or an OTA/L shall protect the confidential nature of information gained from educational, practice, and investigational activities unless sharing the information is necessary to protect the well-being of a third party.” Checked October 30, 2026.
126. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). 201 KAR 17:041, Professional code of ethics. “Section 2. Confidentiality. (1) A licensee shall respect and guard the confidences of each individual patient.” Checked October 30, 2026.
127. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 365.732, Notification to affected persons of computer security breach involving their unencrypted personally identifiable information. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(2) Any information holder shall disclose any breach of the security of the system, following discovery or notification of the breach in the security of the data, to any resident of Kentucky whose unencrypted personal information was, or is reasonably believed to have been, acquired by an unauthorized person. The disclosure shall be made in the most expedient time possible and without unreasonable delay ...”
128. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 365.732, Notification to affected persons of computer security breach involving their unencrypted personally identifiable information. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(7) If a person discovers circumstances requiring notification pursuant to this section of more than one thousand (1,000) persons at one (1) time, the person shall also notify, without unreasonable delay, all consumer reporting agencies and credit bureaus that compile and maintain files on consumers on a nationwide basis, as defined by 15 U.S.C. sec. 1681a, of the timing, distribution, and content of the notices.”
129. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 365.732, Notification to affected persons of computer security breach involving their unencrypted personally identifiable information. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(8) The provisions of this section and the requirements for nonaffiliated third parties in KRS Chapter 61 shall not apply to any person who is subject to the provisions of Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, Pub. L. No. 106-102, as amended, or the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-191, as amended ...”
130. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 620.030, Duty to report dependency, neglect, abuse, human trafficking, or female genital mutilation. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(1) Any person who knows or has reasonable cause to believe that a child is dependent, neglected, or abused shall immediately cause an oral or written report, including but not limited to electronic submissions, to be made to a local law enforcement agency or to the Department of Kentucky State Police, the cabinet or its designated representative, the Commonwealth’s attorney, or the county attorney by telephone or otherwise.”
131. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 209.030, Reports of adult abuse, neglect, or exploitation. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(2) Any person, including but not limited to physician, law enforcement officer, nurse, social worker, cabinet personnel, coroner, medical examiner, alternate care facility employee, or caretaker, having reasonable cause to suspect that an adult has suffered abuse, neglect, or exploitation, shall report or cause reports to be made in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.”
132. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 209.030, Reports of adult abuse, neglect, or exploitation. “(3) An oral or written report shall be made immediately to the cabinet upon knowledge of suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of an adult.” Checked October 30, 2026.
133. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 304.17A-142, Coverage for autism spectrum disorders. “(2) All health benefit plans issued or renewed on or after January 1, 2019, shall provide coverage for the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorders.” Checked October 30, 2026.
134. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 304.17A-142, Coverage for autism spectrum disorders. “6. Therapeutic care services provided by licensed speech therapists, occupational therapists, or physical therapists; ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
135. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 304.17A-142, Coverage for autism spectrum disorders. “(3) Coverage under this section shall not be subject to any maximum annual benefit limit, including any limits on the number of visits an individual may make to an autism services provider.” Checked October 30, 2026.
136. Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (apps.legislature.ky.gov). Kentucky Revised Statutes, KRS 304.17A-142, Coverage for autism spectrum disorders. “(a) An insurer shall have the right to request a utilization review of that treatment not more than once every twelve (12) months ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
137. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services. Office for Children with Special Health Care Needs. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “The OCSHCN can provide the following services for children with special health care needs through on-site clinics, satellite clinics or financial assistance. ... Therapy Services Physical Therapy Occupational Therapy Speech Therapy ... OCSHCN does not cover primary medical care. All services must be authorized in advance by your care coordinator.”
138. Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services. Office for Children with Special Health Care Needs. “Kentucky residents younger than 21 with a condition that usually responds to medical treatment provided in our program and who meet financial guidelines.” Checked October 30, 2026.
139. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Who are the MACs: A/B MAC Jurisdiction 15 (J15). “Contract Awardee: CGS Administrators, LLC, contract number 75FCMC24C0005 ... J15 processes FFS Medicare Part A and Part B claims for Kentucky and Ohio ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
140. APTA Kentucky. APTA Kentucky (the state association's site). Checked October 30, 2026.
141. the Kentucky Speech-Language-Hearing Association. the Kentucky Speech-Language-Hearing Association (the state association's site). Checked October 30, 2026.
142. DrSensory. Occupational therapy clinics in Kentucky, with the physical therapy and speech therapy pages for the state (the directory's state pages, built from the addresses it holds). Checked October 30, 2026.
143. DrSensory. Clinic Directory Pricing. “Claiming your listing is free. The subscription is $349.99 a year or $29.99 a month for your first location, and $99.99 a year or $9.99 a month for each additional location, not per therapist.” Checked October 30, 2026.

Medical disclaimer. This page is for general educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It is general guidance on running a therapy clinic in Kentucky, not legal, compliance, billing or financial advice. Rules change; the clinic confirms each with its source before acting on it.