Montana PT, OT and SLP guide

For OT, PT and SLP clinics in Montana: one board, the Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals, licenses all three disciplines; the licensing law lets a physical therapist evaluate and treat without a referral; Montana Medicaid covers children’s therapy under EPSDT and adults within its own rules; and telehealth follows the patient’s location.⁠^1,2,3,4,5

Who licenses OTs, PTs and SLPs in Montana?

The Montana Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals licenses all three disciplines, and each profession has its own statute and continuing-education requirement.⁠^1,6,7 A clinic that employs more than one discipline still keeps three registers, not one.

Physical therapists, occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists all answer to the Montana Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals, each profession under its own statute and continuing-education rule.⁠^1,6,7 Physical therapists and physical therapist assistants are licensed by the Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals, a twelve-member board created in 2025 that also licenses occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, audiologists and athletic trainers. The board is allocated to the Department of Labor and Industry, which issues and renews licenses on the board’s authorization and whose Employment Standards Division publishes the board’s pages.⁠^{1,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46} No one may practice physical therapy in Montana without a license, and no one may assist a physical therapist as a physical therapist assistant without a PTA license.⁠^{1,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46} Occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants are licensed by the same Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals, which has two occupational therapists among its twelve members.⁠^{6,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55} No one may hold out as an occupational therapist or as able to render occupational therapy services in Montana without an occupational therapist license, and no one may practice as an occupational therapy assistant without a license.⁠^{6,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55} Speech-language pathologists and speech-language pathology assistants are licensed by the same Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals, which has two speech-language pathologists and one audiologist among its twelve members.⁠^{7,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64} No one may practice or represent as a speech-language pathologist or speech-language pathology assistant in Montana without a license.⁠^{7,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64} A license is a state authorization; a national certification (NBCOT for occupational therapy, the ASHA certificate for speech-language pathology, the NPTE for physical therapy) is a different thing and does not replace it. Compact privileges for practitioners licensed elsewhere are covered under telehealth below.

What does a Montana license renewal require?

The board sets the cycle and hours for each profession, listed in the table above, and the register template at the end of this page tracks them per clinician.⁠^1,6,7 A renewal missed is a lapse, and the board’s own rules say what a lapsed licensee may and may not do; the clinic reads those rules before a clinician’s renewal date passes, not after.

Can a patient see a Montana PT, OT or SLP without a referral?

State law answers this discipline by discipline, and a payer may still require a referral the law does not. For physical therapy, the licensing law lets a licensed physical therapist perform physical therapy evaluation and treatment without referral, and the board’s rules make failing to refer a patient to another professional when warranted unprofessional conduct.⁠^2,8,9,10 For occupational therapy, the licensing act requires a license and defines occupational therapy to encompass evaluation, assessment, treatment, consultation, remediation and restoration of performance abilities, with interventions that include developing perceptual-motor skills and sensory integrative functioning.⁠^65,66,67 For speech-language pathology, the licensing act requires a license and defines the practice of speech-language pathology as nonmedical diagnosis, assessment and treatment services relating to speech-language pathology as provided by board rule.⁠^68,69,70 Montana Medicaid, as a payer, covers therapy only on a current written or verbal order or referral from a physician or mid-level practitioner, with a verbal order followed by a written one within 30 days; an order is valid for Medicaid purposes for no more than 180 days.⁠¹⁰

The payer’s rule is separate. Medicare pays for outpatient therapy under a plan of care certified by a physician or nonphysician practitioner, and the regulation’s 2025 text lets a signed order or referral on file, with the plan delivered within 30 days of the initial evaluation, stand in for that signature on an initial plan.⁠²⁷ Montana Medicaid’s referral and prior-authorization rules are in the next section. A commercial plan’s rule is in its member contract and provider manual, and the clinic keeps a copy of each.

How does Montana Medicaid pay for pediatric and adult therapy?

Montana Medicaid is run by the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services (DPHHS), through its Health Resources Division, and a clinic enrolls through its provider enrollment route before it bills.⁠⁷¹ For children, the federal EPSDT benefit requires the state to cover services that correct or ameliorate a condition found at a screening, whether or not the state plan covers them for adults.⁠⁷² For members 20 and under, Montana Medicaid’s EPSDT benefit covers all medically necessary services, and therapy is not restricted to a set number of hours or units as long as it is restorative rather than maintenance. The program’s general requirements, prior authorization among them, still apply.⁠^3,4,5

For adults, Montana Medicaid covers restorative therapy that is reasonable and necessary and results in improved function. The therapy manual says maintenance therapy is not covered, though developing a maintenance therapy plan is. The rules define habilitative and rehabilitative care to include physical, occupational and speech therapy, reimbursable when a licensed therapist is needed.⁠^11,12,13,14 The therapy manual, whose update log ends March 26, 2020, says therapy services do not require prior authorization, and covers augmentative communication devices when they are prior authorized. In the July 1, 2026 fee schedules, where a Y in the PA column means prior authorization is required by that code, no physical therapy or occupational therapy code carries a Y, and on the speech therapy schedule only the speech-generating device accessory code E2513 does. The member guide, published July 1, 2026, says prior authorization is required for some habilitative services, through Mountain Pacific.⁠^{73,74,75,76,77,78,79} Montana Medicaid’s care management program is primary care case management: Primary Care Montana (PCMT) began on July 1, 2026, replacing Passport to Health, which ended on June 30, 2026, and members are encouraged but not required to join. The rules and provider policies on medical orders, referrals and prior authorization continue to govern when each is required.⁠^80,81,82 The fee schedule is published by the agency, and a clinic reads the current file rather than a remembered rate.⁠⁸³

How does Montana Medicaid want OT, PT and SLP claims coded?

Montana Medicaid pays therapy at the lower of the provider’s usual and customary charge or the amount its reimbursement methodology sets, billed with HCPCS codes and modifiers on the CMS-1500 or electronically. Assistants and aides cannot enroll, so their services are billed under the supervising therapist’s NPI, and the record shows the time spent for each procedure billed.⁠^{84,85,86,87,88} The codes, modifiers and authorization forms are the manual’s and change with it, so the clinic reads the current therapy sections before its first claim and records the manual’s page-updated date in the payer register.

Does Montana Medicaid pay for therapy in schools?

Montana Medicaid pays public school districts, joint boards and cooperatives for medically necessary school-based services, physical therapy, speech-language pathology and audiology, and occupational therapy among them, when the child’s IEP requires them; the IEP serves as the order.⁠⁸⁹ A school’s billing is the district’s, under its own program; an outpatient clinic’s claim for the same child is a separate matter with its own eligibility and authorization.

Does Montana Medicaid cover therapy by telehealth?

Montana Medicaid pays for physical, occupational and speech therapy by telehealth when the service is medically necessary and clinically appropriate for telehealth delivery.⁠⁹⁰ The telehealth section below covers the state’s own rules for the session itself.

What are Montana’s telehealth rules for therapy?

A therapist treating a patient by video needs authority to practice where the patient is located at the time of the session, and the federal telehealth site says so plainly: licensure follows the patient’s location, and a compact privilege is one route to it.⁠¹⁵ Montana lets any licensed health care provider, physical and occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists among them, practice by telehealth when it is appropriate for the service, meets the standard of care and follows the licensing board’s telehealth rules. The board says the client must be physically located in Montana at the time of service, and speech-language pathology telehealth must equal in-person quality and begins with an assessment of the patient’s candidacy for it. For speech-language pathology, the licensing law requires a notice of telehealth services to each patient, and to the guardian, caregiver or team where applicable, stating the right to refuse telehealth and the options for service delivery, with instructions for filing complaints.⁠^{91,92,93,94,95}

A compact privilege is not a national license: it is a privilege to practice in the specific member state that issued it, under that state’s licensing law, and a state that has enacted the compact may not yet be issuing privileges, which is why the table names the commission’s current status.⁠^16,17,18 Montana requires group and individual health coverage to cover services delivered by telehealth when they are otherwise covered, equivalent to in-person coverage and without cost sharing above other medical services. The providers named include those licensed under the physical therapy, speech-language pathology and occupational therapy chapters.⁠^96,97

Which business steps are specific to Montana?

The entity is registered with the Montana Secretary of State.⁠³¹ State tax registration is with the Montana Department of Revenue.⁠⁹⁸ Montana does not have a general-use sales tax.⁠⁹⁹ Montana’s Workers’ Compensation Act applies to all employers and employees except the listed exemptions, and an employer with any employee elects to be bound by compensation plan No. 1, 2 or 3. Sole proprietors and working members of partnerships and member-managed LLCs are exempt unless they elect coverage.⁠^100,101 A city or county business license is a local question, answered by the city hall of the clinic’s address. The startup-costs guide carries the budget worksheet these registrations go into.

What record and privacy rules apply in Montana?

As a Montana Medicaid requirement, a provider keeps the records that support its claims for at least six years and three months from the date of service, or until any dispute or litigation over the services is resolved, whichever is later. The board’s rules make failing to secure records, document patient care, or transfer records on the patient’s request unprofessional conduct.⁠^28,29,30 Two federal periods sit beside it and are often confused with it: Medicare requires 7 years for documentation of orders, certifications, referrals and payment requests, and HIPAA requires 6 years for its own compliance documentation, and neither sets the retention period for the clinical chart.⁠^102,103

Montana’s Uniform Health Care Information Act bars a health care provider and its staff from disclosing a patient’s health care information without the patient’s written authorization, except as the act or other law allows, and requires a record of each person who received or examined the recorded information during the preceding three years.⁠^104,105 Montana requires a business that owns or licenses computerized personal information to notify any Montana resident whose unencrypted personal information was, or is reasonably believed to have been, acquired by an unauthorized person, without unreasonable delay.⁠¹⁰⁶ Montana requires health professionals, including any other health or mental health professional, who know or have reasonable cause to suspect in their professional capacity that a child is abused or neglected to report it promptly to the Department of Public Health and Human Services. They must also report suspected abuse, sexual abuse, neglect or exploitation of a vulnerable adult outside a long-term care facility to the department or its local affiliate, or to the county attorney.⁠^{107,108,109,110}

Which Montana rules shape a pediatric clinic?

Montana Milestones, the state’s Part C early intervention program in the Department of Public Health and Human Services’ Early Childhood and Family Support Division, serves families of infants and toddlers with significant developmental delays or disabilities, or an established condition associated with them. An evaluation can be requested at any time, and a referral can be made directly through the program’s online referral form.⁠^{32,33,34,35,36} A child who turns three moves from early intervention to the school district’s evaluation, and a private clinic’s services run beside both systems rather than inside them. Montana requires group health coverage to cover diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorders for a covered child 18 or younger, including therapeutic care by a speech-language pathologist, occupational therapist or physical therapist licensed in Montana. The benefit may be capped at $50,000 a year through age 8 and $20,000 a year from age 9 through 18.⁠¹¹¹ The autism insurance mandates guide covers how such a mandate meets a plan’s own terms.

Which Montana rules shape an adult clinic?

Medicare claims from Montana go to Noridian Healthcare Solutions, the Medicare Administrative Contractor for Jurisdiction F, Parts A and B (Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington and Wyoming), whose local coverage articles for therapy are the ones a Montana clinic reads.⁠¹¹² Montana Medicaid’s adult therapy rules are in the Medicaid section above. Montana’s workers’ compensation insurers pay the Department of Labor and Industry’s fee schedule or the billed charge, whichever is less, computed from the RBRVS and the department’s conversion factors. Professionals bill on the CMS 1500, except outpatient physical, occupational and speech therapy billed on a UB04.⁠^113,114

Which associations and directory pages serve Montana?

The state chapters are APTA Montana for physical therapy, the Montana Occupational Therapy Association (MOTA) for occupational therapy and the Montana Speech-Language-Hearing Association (MSHA) for speech-language pathology.⁠^115,116,117 On DrSensory, families browse Montana clinics by discipline on the occupational therapy, physical therapy and speech therapy pages for the state, which the directory builds from the clinic addresses it holds; a clinic appears on the pages of its own address.⁠¹¹⁸

Which Montana cities have DrSensory city pages?

Beyond its three Montana pages, the directory publishes city pages for 2 Montana cities, 5 pages across the three disciplines, each listing the clinics whose address is in that city; a clinic appears on the city page of its address without any action of its own, and a city or discipline without a page is reached through the state page.⁠¹¹⁸

How many Montana PT, OT and SLP clinics does DrSensory list?

DrSensory lists 21 PT, OT and SLP clinics in Montana, on its occupational therapy, physical therapy and speech therapy pages for the state.⁠¹¹⁸

Where does each requirement come from, and what does the clinic do?

Which templates does a Montana launch need?

How might two Montana clinics plan a launch?

Sources

1. Montana Department of Labor and Industry, Employment Standards Division. Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals. Checked October 30, 2026.
2. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-11-104, Physical therapy: evaluation and treatment. Checked October 30, 2026.
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   “(1) Physical therapy evaluation includes the administration, interpretation, and evaluation of tests and measurements of bodily functions and structures; the development of a plan of treatment; consultative, educational, and other advisory services; and instruction and supervision of supportive personnel. ... (3) The evaluation and treatment procedures listed in subsections (1) and (2) may be performed by a licensed physical therapist without referral.”
3. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, and Speech Therapy Services Manual (Montana Healthcare Programs; update log last entry March 26, 2020). Checked October 30, 2026.
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   “The Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment (EPSDT) Services program (EPSDT) covers all medically necessary services for children age 20 and under. Therapy services for children are not restricted to a specific number of hours or units as long as the therapy services are restorative, not maintenance.”
4. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 37.86.2201, EPSDT, Purpose, Eligibility, and Scope (effective June 27, 2003). Checked October 30, 2026.
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   “(2) Services provided for EPSDT purposes are only available to Medicaid eligible persons up to and including 20 years of age. (3) Limitations on the amount, scope or duration for particular services, funded with Medicaid monies, do not apply to such services when provided to EPSDT recipients unless otherwise provided in these rules.”
5. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 37.86.2201, EPSDT, Purpose, Eligibility, and Scope (effective June 27, 2003). Checked October 30, 2026.
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   “(5) Criteria, requirements and limitations generally applicable to Medicaid services, recipients, or providers, including but not limited to medical necessity requirements, experimental or cosmetic service exclusions, prior authorization, prescreening, certification or utilization review requirements, provider participation, billing or reimbursement requirements, recipient eligibility or copayment requirements, or other similar requirements or restrictions apply to EPSDT recipients, EPSDT services, and providers of services to EPSDT recipients.”
6. Montana Department of Labor and Industry, Employment Standards Division. Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals. Checked October 30, 2026.
7. Montana Department of Labor and Industry, Employment Standards Division. Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals. Checked October 30, 2026.
8. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 24.119.2301, Unprofessional Conduct (effective July 25, 2026). “(1) The following is unprofessional conduct: ... (c) failure to refer a patient to another professional when warranted ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
9. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-11-103, Restrictions on scope of practice. “Nothing in this chapter shall be construed as authorizing a physical therapist, whether licensed or not, to practice medicine, osteopathy, or chiropractic, dentistry, or podiatry ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
10. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 37.86.606, Therapy Services, Service Requirements and Restrictions (effective May 7, 2016). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(3) Therapy services may be provided to a member only upon a current written or verbal order or referral by a physician or mid-level practitioner. All verbal orders or referrals must be followed up by a written order received by the provider within 30 days of the verbal order or referral. ... Referral and orders are valid for Medicaid purposes for no more than 180 days.”
11. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, and Speech Therapy Services Manual (Montana Healthcare Programs; update log last entry March 26, 2020). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Montana Healthcare Programs covers restorative therapy services when they are reasonable and necessary to the treatment of the member’s condition and result in improved function. ... Montana Healthcare Programs does not cover therapy services that are Maintenance therapy.”
12. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, and Speech Therapy Services Manual (Montana Healthcare Programs; update log last entry March 26, 2020). “Montana Healthcare Programs covers the development of a maintenance therapy plan by a licensed therapist.” Checked October 30, 2026.
13. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 37.86.601, Therapy Services, Definitions (effective May 7, 2016). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(3) "Habilitative care" means services provided when a member requires help to maintain, learn, or improve skills and functioning for daily living, or to prevent deterioration. These services include: physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language pathology, and behavioral health professional treatment. Applied behavior analysis (ABA) for adults is excluded. Habilitative services are reimbursable if a licensed therapist is needed and the service must be provided by a licensed therapist.”
14. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 37.85.206, Services Provided (effective January 10, 2026). “(h) outpatient physical therapy services; (i) speech therapy, audiology and hearing aid services; (j) outpatient occupational therapy services ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
15. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Getting started with licensure (Telehealth.HHS.gov, last updated February 21, 2024). Checked October 26, 2026.
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    “Health professionals must meet the licensure requirements of the state where they are located and be licensed or legally permitted to practice in the state where the patient is located”. Its companion page, Licensing across state lines (last updated April 30, 2025): “The ability to deliver health care services across state lines varies based on state regulations”; “Prior to an appointment, providers should verify patient location and obtain consent”; “Compacts allow participating health care providers to practice in participating states”.
16. PT Compact Commission. PT Compact Map. “Member States (38) ... Missouri Montana Nebraska ... 38 Member States Actively Issuing and Accepting Compact Privileges ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
17. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-11-316, Physical therapy licensure compact enactment: provisions. “The Physical Therapy Licensure Compact is enacted into law and entered into with all other jurisdictions joining in the compact in the form substantially as follows: ... History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 36, L. 2017.” Checked October 30, 2026.
18. Montana Department of Labor and Industry, Employment Standards Division. Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals: Frequently Asked Questions. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Montana is a member of these compacts: Physical Therapy Compact (PT Compact) Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact (ASLP-IC) Occupational Therapy Licensure Compact (OT Compact) However, compact privileges are not yet available for occupational therapy, speech-language pathology, or audiology because the FBI hasn’t authorized Montana to run fingerprint background checks for these license types yet.”
19. Occupational Therapy Compact Commission. Before You Apply for an OT Compact Privilege. “States not listed below are not a member of the Occupational Therapy Compact. ... Montana Not Yet not required MT OT Rules ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
20. Occupational Therapy Compact Commission. OT Compact Map data (the Datawrapper map embedded on otcompact.gov/compact-map/). “Montana,Enacted,SB 155 ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
21. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-24-401, Occupational therapy licensure compact enactment: provisions. “The Occupational Therapy Licensure Compact is enacted into law and entered into with all jurisdictions legally joining in the compact, in the form substantially as set forth below. ... History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 403, L. 2023.” Checked October 30, 2026.
22. Montana Department of Labor and Industry, Employment Standards Division. Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals: Frequently Asked Questions. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Montana is a member of these compacts: Physical Therapy Compact (PT Compact) Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact (ASLP-IC) Occupational Therapy Licensure Compact (OT Compact) However, compact privileges are not yet available for occupational therapy, speech-language pathology, or audiology because the FBI hasn’t authorized Montana to run fingerprint background checks for these license types yet.”
23. Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact Commission. Compact Map (state entries). “Montana , MT , SB 214 (2023) , hidden , Enacted ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
24. Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact Commission. ASLP-IC Home. “Registration is open for licensed practitioners in Louisiana, Ohio, Tennessee, and West Virginia ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
25. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-15-401, Enactment: provisions. “The Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact is enacted into law and entered into with all other jurisdictions joining in the compact in the form substantially as follows: ... History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 349, L. 2023.” Checked October 30, 2026.
26. Montana Department of Labor and Industry, Employment Standards Division. Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals: Frequently Asked Questions. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Montana is a member of these compacts: Physical Therapy Compact (PT Compact) Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact (ASLP-IC) Occupational Therapy Licensure Compact (OT Compact) However, compact privileges are not yet available for occupational therapy, speech-language pathology, or audiology because the FBI hasn’t authorized Montana to run fingerprint background checks for these license types yet.”
27. Code of Federal Regulations. 42 CFR 424.24, Requirements for medical and other health services furnished by providers under Medicare Part B (eCFR, up to date as of October 22, 2026; paragraph (c), outpatient physical therapy, occupational therapy and speech-language pathology services). Checked October 26, 2026.
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    “The individual needs, or needed, physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech-language pathology services.”; “The services were furnished while the individual was under the care of a physician, nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, or physician assistant.”; “The initial certification must be obtained as soon as possible after the plan is established.”; “Recertification is required at least every 90 days.”; “When it is recertified, the plan or other documentation in the patient’s record must indicate the continuing need for physical therapy, occupational therapy or speech-language pathology services.”; “the therapist has documented evidence that the plan of treatment has been delivered to the physician, NP, PA, or CNS within 30 days of completion of the initial evaluation, the certification does not need to be signed by a physician, NP, CNS, or PA who has knowledge of the case.”; “No references to an order or referral in this subsection shall be construed to require an order or referral for outpatient physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech-language pathology services.”.
28. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 37.85.414, Maintenance of Records and Auditing (effective April 1, 2005). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(c) These records must be retained for a period of at least six years and three months from the date on which the service was rendered or until any dispute or litigation concerning the services is resolved, whichever is later.”
29. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, and Speech Therapy Services Manual (Montana Healthcare Programs; update log last entry March 26, 2020). “All therapy case records must be current and available upon request from the Department.” Checked October 30, 2026.
30. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 24.119.2301, Unprofessional Conduct (effective July 25, 2026). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(a) regarding patient records, failure to: (i) appropriately secure records; (ii) appropriately document patient care; or (iii) transfer records to another health care provider, the patient, or the patient’s representative when requested to do so by the patient or the patient’s legally designated representative ...”
31. Montana Secretary of State. Business Services. “Register a new business or maintain an existing business registration by signing into the online filing portal.” Checked October 30, 2026.
32. Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services. Montana Milestones Part C Early Intervention Program. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Montana Milestones/Part C of the IDEA Early Intervention Program is Montana’s comprehensive system of early intervention services and supports for families who have infants or toddlers, from birth through three who have significant developmental delays or disabilities or have been diagnosed with an established condition associated with significant delays in development.”
33. Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services. Montana Milestones Part C Early Intervention Program. “If you have questions about a child’s development, an evaluation can be accessed at any time to determine whether the child may benefit from services through Montana Milestones. A referral can be made directly through the referral website below.” Checked October 30, 2026.
34. Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services. Montana Milestones Part C Early Intervention Program. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Type I Established Condition diagnosed by a physician or psychologist that is likely to result in a developmental delay or disability; or Type II Measured Delay: Two or more 25% developmental delays in the five developmental domains or one 50% developmental delay in the five developmental domains.”
35. Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services. Montana Milestones Part C Early Intervention Program. “Montana Milestones is funded through an annual federal grant under Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and legislatively appropriated State General Fund dollars.” Checked October 30, 2026.
36. Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services. Early Childhood and Family Support Division. “The Early Childhood and Family Support Division works with community providers and clinics across the state, and is home to many early childhood and family support programs including, but not limited to: child care; serving children with developmental delays ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
37. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 2-15-1754, Board of physical, rehabilitative, and developmental health care professionals. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) In accordance with 37-1-123, there is a board of physical, rehabilitative, and developmental health care professionals. ... (2) The board consists of 12 members: (a) two athletic trainers; (b) two occupational therapists; (c) four physical therapists; (d) two speech-language pathologists; (e) one audiologist; and (f) one public member. (3) The board is allocated to the department as prescribed in 2-15-121. ... History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 285, L. 2025.”
38. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-78-201, Duties of board: rulemaking authority. “(1) The board shall: (a) administer, coordinate, and enforce the provisions of Title 37, chapters 11, 15, 24, 36, and 78; ... (d) authorize the department to issue and renew licenses to qualified applicants.” Checked October 30, 2026.
39. Montana Department of Labor and Industry, Employment Standards Division. Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals: Military Spouses (board home page). “The Montana Department of Labor & Industry, Employment Standards Division, is committed to supporting and assisting military members and their spouses obtain professional and occupational licenses.” Checked October 30, 2026.
40. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-11-301, License required for physical therapist and physical therapist assistant: unauthorized representation as licensed therapist. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) A person may not practice or purport to practice physical therapy without first obtaining a license under the provisions of this chapter. ... (3) A person who is not licensed as a physical therapist assistant in accordance with this chapter may not assist a physical therapist in the practice of physical therapy.”
41. Montana Department of Labor and Industry, Employment Standards Division. Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals: License Information. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Each license must be renewed annually by the following dates: ... Physical Therapist: April 1 Physical Therapist Assistant: April 1 ... The renewal period for each license type opens 60 days before its renewal date. ... Licenses not renewed on time are considered lapsed for 45 days after the renewal date, during which time the licensee may still practice. After 45 days, the license is expired, and the licensee may not practice.”
42. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 24.119.2101, Continuing Education (effective July 25, 2026). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) Licensees are required to obtain continuing education annually, as follows: ... (d) physical therapists and assistants: 8 hours; ... (3) Licensees must maintain continuing education documentation and produce it upon request. ... (4) Continuing education requirements do not apply until after the licensee’s first renewal.”
43. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-11-105, Supervision of physical therapist assistant, physical therapy aide, physical therapy student, or physical therapist assistant student. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) A physical therapist assistant shall practice under the supervision of a licensed physical therapist who is responsible for and participates in a patient’s care. This supervision requires the licensed physical therapist to make an onsite visit or a visit by means of telehealth to the client at least once for every eight visits made by the assistant or once every 30 days, whichever occurs first. ... (2) A licensed physical therapist may not concurrently supervise more than two full-time assistants or the equivalent. This supervision does not require the presence of the assistant.”
44. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-11-101, Definitions. “(b) assists a physical therapist in the practice of physical therapy but who may not make evaluations or design treatment plans; ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
45. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-11-105, Supervision of physical therapist assistant, physical therapy aide, physical therapy student, or physical therapist assistant student. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(3) A physical therapy aide shall practice under the onsite supervision of a licensed physical therapist or a licensed assistant. A licensed assistant may not concurrently supervise more than one full-time aide or the equivalent. A licensed physical therapist may not concurrently supervise more than four aides or the equivalent or two assistants and two aides or the equivalent.”
46. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 24.119.1001, Physical Therapy Aides, License Exemption, and Supervision (effective July 25, 2026). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) For the purpose of this rule, "direct supervision" means that the supervising physical therapist or physical therapist assistant is onsite (on the premises physically) and immediately available for direction and supervision of the physical therapy aide at all times.”
47. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 2-15-1754, Board of physical, rehabilitative, and developmental health care professionals. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) In accordance with 37-1-123, there is a board of physical, rehabilitative, and developmental health care professionals. ... (2) The board consists of 12 members: (a) two athletic trainers; (b) two occupational therapists; (c) four physical therapists; (d) two speech-language pathologists; (e) one audiologist; and (f) one public member. (3) The board is allocated to the department as prescribed in 2-15-121. ... History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 285, L. 2025.”
48. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-78-201, Duties of board: rulemaking authority. “(1) The board shall: (a) administer, coordinate, and enforce the provisions of Title 37, chapters 11, 15, 24, 36, and 78; ... (d) authorize the department to issue and renew licenses to qualified applicants.” Checked October 30, 2026.
49. Montana Department of Labor and Industry, Employment Standards Division. Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals: Military Spouses (board home page). “The Montana Department of Labor & Industry, Employment Standards Division, is committed to supporting and assisting military members and their spouses obtain professional and occupational licenses.” Checked October 30, 2026.
50. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-24-301, License required. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) (a) A person may not hold out to the public that the person is an occupational therapist or is able to practice occupational therapy or able to render occupational therapy services in this state unless the person is licensed as an occupational therapist under the provisions of this chapter. ... (b) A person may not practice or hold out to the public that the person is an occupational therapy assistant in this state unless the person is licensed as an occupational therapist or as an occupational therapy assistant.”
51. Montana Department of Labor and Industry, Employment Standards Division. Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals: License Information. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Each license must be renewed annually by the following dates: ... Occupational Therapist: June 15 Occupational Therapy Assistant: June 15 ... The renewal period for each license type opens 60 days before its renewal date. ... Licenses not renewed on time are considered lapsed for 45 days after the renewal date, during which time the licensee may still practice. After 45 days, the license is expired, and the licensee may not practice.”
52. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 24.119.2101, Continuing Education (effective July 25, 2026). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) Licensees are required to obtain continuing education annually, as follows: ... (c) occupational therapists and assistants: 10 hours, but the board recognizes maintenance of current National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy as fulfilling this requirement; ... (3) Licensees must maintain continuing education documentation and produce it upon request.”
53. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 24.119.805, Supervision (occupational therapy) (effective July 25, 2026). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(3) Except per 37-24-105(2) and 37-24-106(2), MCA, licensed occupational therapy assistants must work under the general supervision of an occupational therapist. ... (5) Occupational therapy aides must work under the direct supervision of an occupational therapist or an occupational therapy assistant.”
54. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 24.119.805, Supervision (occupational therapy) (effective July 25, 2026). “(1) Supervisors shall determine the required level of supervision based on the supervisee’s clinical experience, responsibilities, and competence.” Checked October 30, 2026.
55. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-24-103, Definitions. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(2) "Certified occupational therapy assistant" means a person licensed to assist in the practice of occupational therapy under this chapter, who works under the general supervision of an occupational therapist in accordance with the provisions of the national board for certification in occupational therapy, inc., and adopted by the board.”
56. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 2-15-1754, Board of physical, rehabilitative, and developmental health care professionals. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) In accordance with 37-1-123, there is a board of physical, rehabilitative, and developmental health care professionals. ... (2) The board consists of 12 members: (a) two athletic trainers; (b) two occupational therapists; (c) four physical therapists; (d) two speech-language pathologists; (e) one audiologist; and (f) one public member. (3) The board is allocated to the department as prescribed in 2-15-121. ... History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 285, L. 2025.”
57. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-78-201, Duties of board: rulemaking authority. “(1) The board shall: (a) administer, coordinate, and enforce the provisions of Title 37, chapters 11, 15, 24, 36, and 78; ... (d) authorize the department to issue and renew licenses to qualified applicants.” Checked October 30, 2026.
58. Montana Department of Labor and Industry, Employment Standards Division. Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals: Military Spouses (board home page). “The Montana Department of Labor & Industry, Employment Standards Division, is committed to supporting and assisting military members and their spouses obtain professional and occupational licenses.” Checked October 30, 2026.
59. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-15-301, License required: exception: rulemaking. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(2) A person may not practice or represent to the public that the person is a speech-language pathologist, an audiologist, a speech-language pathology assistant, or an audiology assistant in this state unless the person is licensed in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.”
60. Montana Department of Labor and Industry, Employment Standards Division. Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals: License Information. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Each license must be renewed annually by the following dates: ... Speech-Language Pathologist: February 1 Speech-Language Pathologist-Audiologist (dual): February 1 Speech-Language Pathology Assistant: February 1 ... The renewal period for each license type opens 60 days before its renewal date. ... Licenses not renewed on time are considered lapsed for 45 days after the renewal date, during which time the licensee may still practice. After 45 days, the license is expired, and the licensee may not practice.”
61. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 24.119.2101, Continuing Education (effective July 25, 2026). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) Licensees are required to obtain continuing education annually, as follows: ... (e) speech-language pathologists: 10 hours; (f) speech-language pathology or audiology assistants: 5 hours; and (g) dual licensed speech-language pathologists and audiologists: 15 hours. ... (3) Licensees must maintain continuing education documentation and produce it upon request.”
62. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-15-102, Definitions. “(12) "Speech-language pathology assistant" means a person meeting the minimum requirements established by the board who works directly under the supervision of a licensed speech-language pathologist.” Checked October 30, 2026.
63. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 24.119.1210, Supervision (speech-language pathology and audiology) (effective September 26, 2026). “(1) A supervisor may not be responsible for more than two aides at any time. (2) Speech-language pathology and audiology assistants must notify the board within ten days of any change in supervisor.” Checked October 30, 2026.
64. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 24.119.1240, Assistant Licensure, Initial Applicants (effective July 25, 2026). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) Speech-language pathology assistant applicants not currently licensed in another state or jurisdiction and who did not serve as unlicensed aides or assistants in Montana prior to July 15, 2025, must have either: (a) a baccalaureate degree in speech-language pathology or communication sciences and disorders from an accredited institution; or (b) a speech-language pathology assistant certificate or associate degree from an accredited institution.”
65. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-24-103, Definitions. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(5) "Occupational therapy" means the therapeutic use of purposeful goal-directed activities and interventions to achieve functional outcomes to maximize the independence and the maintenance of health of an individual who is limited by disease or disorders, impairments, activity limitations, or participation restrictions that interfere with the individual’s ability to function independently in daily life roles. The practice encompasses evaluation, assessment, treatment, consultation, remediation, and restoration of performance abilities that are limited due to impairment in biological, physiological, psychological, or neurological processes. ... (b) developing perceptual-motor skills and sensory integrative functioning ...”
66. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-24-301, License required. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) (a) A person may not hold out to the public that the person is an occupational therapist or is able to practice occupational therapy or able to render occupational therapy services in this state unless the person is licensed as an occupational therapist under the provisions of this chapter.”
67. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 37.86.606, Therapy Services, Service Requirements and Restrictions (effective May 7, 2016). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(3) Therapy services may be provided to a member only upon a current written or verbal order or referral by a physician or mid-level practitioner. All verbal orders or referrals must be followed up by a written order received by the provider within 30 days of the verbal order or referral. ... Referral and orders are valid for Medicaid purposes for no more than 180 days.”
68. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-15-102, Definitions. “(9) "Practice of speech-language pathology" means nonmedical diagnosis, assessment, and treatment services relating to speech-language pathology as provided by board rule.” Checked October 30, 2026.
69. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-15-301, License required: exception: rulemaking. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(2) A person may not practice or represent to the public that the person is a speech-language pathologist, an audiologist, a speech-language pathology assistant, or an audiology assistant in this state unless the person is licensed in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.”
70. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 37.86.606, Therapy Services, Service Requirements and Restrictions (effective May 7, 2016). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(3) Therapy services may be provided to a member only upon a current written or verbal order or referral by a physician or mid-level practitioner. All verbal orders or referrals must be followed up by a written order received by the provider within 30 days of the verbal order or referral. ... Referral and orders are valid for Medicaid purposes for no more than 180 days.”
71. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Provider Enrollment. Checked October 30, 2026.
72. Medicaid.gov (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services). Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment (Medicaid benefit page). Checked October 26, 2026.
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    “The Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT) benefit provides comprehensive and preventive health care services for children under age 21 who are enrolled in Medicaid.”; “It is the responsibility of states to determine medical necessity on a case-by-case basis.”.
73. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, and Speech Therapy Services Manual (Montana Healthcare Programs; update log last entry March 26, 2020). “Therapy services do not require prior authorization.” Checked October 30, 2026.
74. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, and Speech Therapy Services Manual (Montana Healthcare Programs; update log last entry March 26, 2020). “Montana Healthcare Programs covers augmentative communications devices when they are prior authorized.” Checked October 30, 2026.
75. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Montana Healthcare Programs Physical Therapy Fee Schedule Explanation (effective July 1, 2026). “Effective July 1, 2026 ... Y: Prior authorization is required by this code ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
76. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Montana Healthcare Programs Fee Schedule: Physical Therapy Services (July 1, 2026). “Montana Healthcare Programs Fee Schedule Physical Therapy Services July 1, 2026 Proc Mod Description Effective Method Office Fees Facility Fees Global Days PA Mult Bilat Assist CoSurg Team Policy Adjust ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
77. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Montana Healthcare Programs Fee Schedule: Occupational Therapy Services (July 1, 2026). “Montana Healthcare Programs Fee Schedule Occupational Therapy Services July 1, 2026 Proc Mod Description Effective Method Office Fees Facility Fees Global Days PA Mult Bilat Assist CoSurg Team Policy Adjust ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
78. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Montana Healthcare Programs Fee Schedule: Speech Therapy Services (July 1, 2026). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Montana Healthcare Programs Fee Schedule Speech Therapy Services July 1, 2026 Proc Mod Description Effective Method Office Fees Facility Fees Global Days PA Mult Bilat Assist CoSurg Team Policy Adjust E2513 - SGD ACCESSORY, EMG SENSOR 1/1/2026 MEDICARE ... - Y ...”
79. Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services. Montana Medicaid Member Guide (published July 1, 2026). “Services must be prescribed by a health care professional. Applied behavior analysis for adults is excluded. Prior authorization is required for some services. For prior authorization, members may contact Mountain Pacific at (800) 219-7035.” Checked October 30, 2026.
80. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Provider Notice: Referrals, Medical Orders, and Prior Authorization Requirements Beginning July 1, 2026 (August 21, 2026). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “The Primary Care Montana (PCMT) Program began on July 1, 2026. The Passport to Health (Passport), Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH), and Comprehensive Primary Care Plus (CPC+) programs ended on June 30, 2026. After June 30, 2026, there will no longer be a requirement to include a Passport referral ID number on claims. ... The Passport referral requirement will be removed; however, other Administrative Rules of Montana provisions and provider specific policies regarding medical orders, referrals, and prior authorizations will continue to govern when and how each is required.”
81. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Provider Notice: Transition of Passport to Health, CPC+, and PCMH to New Primary Care Montana (PCMT) Program (March 20, 2026). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Montana Healthcare Programs is preparing to transition from its current primary care case management and medical home programs to a new primary care case management (PCCM) model.”
82. Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services. Montana Medicaid Member Guide (published July 1, 2026). “A NEW, VOLUNTARY PRIMARY CARE CASE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM Beginning July 1, 2026, PCMT will replace the Passport to Health Program. Eligible members are encouraged but not required to participate.” Checked October 30, 2026.
83. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Physical Therapist (Resources by Provider Type: manuals, fee schedules and notices). Checked October 30, 2026.
84. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 37.86.610, Therapies, Reimbursement (effective January 1, 2018). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) Providers must bill for services using the procedure codes and modifiers set forth, and according to the definitions contained, in the Health Care Financing Administration’s Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS). ... (a) For patients who are eligible for Medicaid, the lower of: (i) the provider’s usual and customary charge for the service ...”
85. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, and Speech Therapy Services Manual (Montana Healthcare Programs; update log last entry March 26, 2020). “Services provided by the healthcare professionals covered in this manual must be billed either electronically or on a CMS-1500 claim form.” Checked October 30, 2026.
86. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, and Speech Therapy Services Manual (Montana Healthcare Programs; update log last entry March 26, 2020). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Services may be performed by a therapy assistant or therapy aide within their scope of practice but must be billed to Montana Healthcare Programs under the supervising licensed therapist’s NPI. ... An assistant or aide may not enroll as a Montana Healthcare Programs provider.”
87. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, and Speech Therapy Services Manual (Montana Healthcare Programs; update log last entry March 26, 2020). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Support time spent for each procedure billed. Time should be indicated in the record, whether a start/end time documented at each visit or total time spent with the member at the visit.”
88. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 37.86.605, Therapy Services, Provider Requirements (effective March 13, 1998). “(3) An assistant/aide may not enroll as a provider.” Checked October 30, 2026.
89. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 37.86.2230, EPSDT, School-Based Health Related Services (effective July 1, 2013). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) School-based services for the purposes of Medicaid are defined as medically necessary services provided through a public school district, joint board, or cooperative. ... (2) School-based health related services may include: (a) physical therapy; (b) speech-language pathology and audiology; (c) occupational therapy; ... (3) School-based health related services provided in the school to a child with disabilities, as that term is defined in Title 20, chapter 7, part 4, MCA, are eligible for Medicaid reimbursement when those services are required by the child’s Individualized Education Program (IEP). The IEP is considered the order for health related services.”
90. Montana Healthcare Programs (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services). Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, and Speech Therapy Services Manual (Montana Healthcare Programs; update log last entry March 26, 2020). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Telehealth services are available in Montana for Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy and Speech Therapy. All Montana Medicaid covered services delivered via telemedicine/telehealth are reimbursable so long as such services are medically necessary and clinically appropriate for delivery via telemedicine/telehealth.”
91. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-2-305, Telehealth services: rulemaking authority. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) A person licensed under this title to provide health care in the ordinary course of business or practice of a profession may provide services by means of telehealth when the use of telehealth: (a) is appropriate for the services being provided; (b) meets the standard of care for delivery of services; and (c) complies with any administrative rules for telehealth adopted by the board that licenses the health care provider.”
92. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-2-305, Telehealth services: rulemaking authority. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(3) (a) For the purposes of this section, "telehealth" means the use of audio, video, or other telecommunications technology or media, including audio-only communication, that is: (i) used by a health care provider or health care facility to deliver health care services; and (ii) delivered over a secure connection that complies with the requirements of state and federal privacy laws.”
93. Montana Department of Labor and Industry, Employment Standards Division. Board of Physical, Rehabilitative, and Developmental Health Care Professionals: Frequently Asked Questions. “Can I practice by telehealth? Yes, per Montana Code Annotated 37-2-305, so long as the client is physically located in Montana at the time of service.” Checked October 30, 2026.
94. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-15-315, Scope of telehealth: requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) The quality of services provided through telehealth must be equivalent to the quality of audiology or speech-language pathology services that are provided in person ... (4) A person providing telehealth services shall conduct an initial assessment of each patient’s candidacy for telehealth, including the patient’s behavioral, physical, and cognitive abilities to participate in services provided through telehealth.”
95. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 37-15-315, Scope of telehealth: requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(5) At a minimum, a person providing telehealth services shall provide a notice of telehealth services to each patient and, if applicable, the patient’s guardian, caregiver, or multidisciplinary team. The notification must provide that a patient has the right to refuse telehealth services and has options for service delivery and must include instructions on filing and resolving complaints.”
96. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 33-22-138, Coverage for telehealth services: rulemaking. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(1) Each group or individual policy, certificate of disability insurance, subscriber contract, membership contract, or health care services agreement that provides coverage for health care services must provide coverage for health care services provided by a health care provider or health care facility by means of telehealth if the services are otherwise covered by the policy, certificate, contract, or agreement. ... (3) Coverage under this section must be equivalent to the coverage for services that are provided in person by a health care provider or health care facility. ... (i) licensed pursuant to Title 37, chapter 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15, 17, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, or 35 ...”
97. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 33-22-138, Coverage for telehealth services: rulemaking. “Deductibles, coinsurance, copayment, or other limitations that are imposed on the coverage for services provided by means of telehealth may not be more than deductibles, coinsurance, copayment, or other limitations that are applicable to other medical services covered under the plan.” Checked October 30, 2026.
98. Montana Department of Revenue. Opening or Closing a Withholding Account. “You must register for a Montana withholding tax account if you: Issue Montana wages ... You can register your business for a Montana withholding tax account: Online: Through the TransAction Portal (TAP)” Checked October 30, 2026.
99. Montana Department of Revenue. Sales Tax Guidance for Montana Business and Residents. “Montana does not have a general-use sales tax.” Checked October 30, 2026.
100. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 39-71-401, Employments covered and exemptions: elections: notice. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(1) Except as provided in subsection (2), the Workers’ Compensation Act applies to all employers and to all employees. An employer who has any employee in service under any appointment or contract of hire, expressed or implied, oral or written, shall elect to be bound by the provisions of compensation plan No. 1, 2, or 3 unless the provisions of 39-71-442 apply.”
101. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 39-71-401, Employments covered and exemptions: elections: notice. “(d) employment of sole proprietors, working members of a partnership, working members of a limited liability partnership, or working members of a member-managed limited liability company, except as provided in subsection (3) ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
102. Code of Federal Regulations. 42 CFR 424.516, Additional provider and supplier requirements for enrolling and maintaining active enrollment status in the Medicare program (eCFR, up to date as of October 22, 2026; paragraph (f), Maintaining and providing access to documentation). Checked October 26, 2026.
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     “A provider or a supplier that furnishes covered ordered, certified, referred, or prescribed Part A or B services, items or drugs is required to—”; “Maintain documentation (as described in paragraph (f)(1)(ii) of this section) for 7 years from the date of service; and”; “Upon the request of CMS or a Medicare contractor, to provide access to that documentation”; “The documentation includes written and electronic documents (including the NPI of the physician or, when permitted, other eligible professional who ordered, certified, referred, or prescribed the Part A or B service, item, or drug) relating to written orders, certifications, referrals, prescriptions, and requests for payments for Part A or B services, items or drugs.”.
103. Code of Federal Regulations. 45 CFR 164.316, Policies and procedures and documentation requirements (eCFR, up to date as of October 22, 2026; HIPAA Security Rule; paragraph (b)). Checked October 26, 2026.
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     “Maintain the policies and procedures implemented to comply with this subpart in written (which may be electronic) form; and”; “If an action, activity or assessment is required by this subpart to be documented, maintain a written (which may be electronic) record of the action, activity, or assessment.”; “Retain the documentation required by paragraph (b)(1) of this section for 6 years from the date of its creation or the date when it last was in effect, whichever is later.”.
104. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 50-16-525, Disclosure by health care provider. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “... a health care provider, an individual who assists a health care provider in the delivery of health care, or an agent or employee of a health care provider may not disclose health care information about a patient to any other person without the patient’s written authorization.”
105. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 50-16-525, Disclosure by health care provider. “(2) A health care provider shall maintain, in conjunction with a patient’s recorded health care information, a record of each person who has received or examined, in whole or in part, the recorded health care information during the preceding 3 years ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
106. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 30-14-1704, Computer security breach. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(1) Any person or business that conducts business in Montana and that owns or licenses computerized data that includes personal information shall disclose any breach of the security of the data system following discovery or notification of the breach to any resident of Montana whose unencrypted personal information was or is reasonably believed to have been acquired by an unauthorized person. The disclosure must be made without unreasonable delay ...”
107. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 41-3-201, Reports. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(1) When the professionals and officials listed in subsection (2) know or have reasonable cause to suspect, as a result of information they receive in their professional or official capacity, that a child is abused or neglected by anyone regardless of whether the person suspected of causing the abuse or neglect is a parent or other person responsible for the child’s welfare, they shall report the matter promptly to the department. ... (b) a nurse, osteopath, chiropractor, podiatrist, medical examiner, coroner, dentist, optometrist, or any other health or mental health professional ...”
108. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 41-3-102, Definitions. “(13) "Department" means the department of public health and human services provided for in 2-15-2201.” Checked October 30, 2026.
109. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 52-3-803, Definitions. “(2) "Department" means the department of public health and human services provided for in 2-15-2201.” Checked October 30, 2026.
110. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 52-3-811, Reports. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(1) When the professionals and other persons listed in subsection (3) know or have reasonable cause to suspect that a vulnerable adult known to them in their professional or official capacities has been subjected to abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, or exploitation, they shall: (a) if the vulnerable adult is not a resident of a long-term care facility, report the matter to: (i) the department or its local affiliate; or (ii) the county attorney of the county in which the vulnerable adult resides or in which the acts that are the subject of the report occurred; ... (b) an osteopath, dentist, denturist, chiropractor, optometrist, podiatrist, medical examiner, coroner, or any other health or mental health professional ...”
111. Montana Legislature. Montana Code Annotated 2025, section 33-22-515, Coverage of autism spectrum disorders. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(1) Each group disability policy, certificate of insurance, or membership contract that is delivered, issued for delivery, renewed, extended, or modified in this state must provide coverage for diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorders for a covered child 18 years of age or younger. ... (iv) therapeutic care that is provided by a speech-language pathologist, audiologist, occupational therapist, or physical therapist licensed in this state. ... (4) (a) Coverage for treatment of autism spectrum disorders under this section may be limited to a maximum benefit of: (i) $50,000 a year for a child 8 years of age or younger; and (ii) $20,000 a year for a child 9 years of age through 18 years of age.”
112. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Who are the MACs: A/B MAC Jurisdiction F (JF). “Contract Awardee: Noridian Healthcare Solutions, LLC ... JF processes FFS Medicare Part A and Part B claims for Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
113. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 24.29.1534, Professional Fee Schedule (workers’ compensation) (effective January 10, 2026). Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(1) An insurer must pay the fee schedule or the billed charge, whichever is less, for a service provided within the state of Montana. ... (6) Professionals, including those who furnish services in a hospital, critical access hospital, ambulatory surgery center, or other facility setting must bill insurers using the CMS 1500, with the exception of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy services provided on an outpatient basis and billed on a UB04.”
114. Montana Secretary of State (Administrative Rules of Montana). ARM 24.29.1534, Professional Fee Schedule (workers’ compensation) (effective January 10, 2026). “The reimbursement amount is generally determined by finding the proper CPT code in the Resource-Based Relative Value Scale (RBRVS) then multiplying the RVU for that code by the conversion factor.” Checked October 30, 2026.
115. APTA Montana. APTA Montana (the state association's site). Checked October 30, 2026.
116. the Montana Occupational Therapy Association (MOTA). the Montana Occupational Therapy Association (MOTA) (the state association's site). Checked October 30, 2026.
117. the Montana Speech-Language-Hearing Association (MSHA). the Montana Speech-Language-Hearing Association (MSHA) (the state association's site). Checked October 30, 2026.
118. DrSensory. Occupational therapy clinics in Montana, with the physical therapy and speech therapy pages for the state (the directory's state pages, built from the addresses it holds). Checked October 30, 2026.
119. DrSensory. Clinic Directory Pricing. “Claiming your listing is free. The subscription is $349.99 a year or $29.99 a month for your first location, and $99.99 a year or $9.99 a month for each additional location, not per therapist.” Checked October 30, 2026.

Medical disclaimer. This page is for general educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It is general guidance on running a therapy clinic in Montana, not legal, compliance, billing or financial advice. Rules change; the clinic confirms each with its source before acting on it.