For therapists

Vermont therapy practice guide: PT, OT and SLP

Who licenses OTs, PTs and SLPs in Vermont, whether patients need a referral, how Vermont Medicaid pays for children and adults, telehealth and the compacts, the business and records rules, and a launch checklist, every rule quoted from its source.

  • Sources Cited
  • Worksheet Included
  • For Clinicians

Written by the DrSensory Editorial Team · How we write and who reviews it · Last updated October 29, 2026
Last verified against official sources on October 30, 2026

For OT, PT and SLP clinics in Vermont: the Office of Professional Regulation licenses all three disciplines, a patient may start physical therapy without a referral, Vermont Medicaid covers children’s therapy under EPSDT and adults within its own rules, and telehealth follows the patient’s location. Every rule here is quoted from its source.⁠1,2,3

Key takeaways

  • In Vermont, the Office of Professional Regulation licenses physical therapists, occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists, each profession under its own statute.⁠1,4,5
  • For physical therapy, the physical therapy chapter defines the practice, from examination and evaluation to treatment, and requires a license to practice it, and carries no provision that conditions an evaluation or treatment on a physician’s referral; Vermont Medicaid has not required a referral for outpatient therapy since January 1, 2026.⁠2,6
  • Vermont Medicaid covers occupational, physical and speech therapy for children under EPSDT, and its adult coverage follows the limits in its provider manual.⁠3,7
  • Telehealth to a patient in Vermont requires authority to practice where the patient is located; the PT Compact, the OT Compact and the ASLP Interstate Compact stand as their commissions state for Vermont.⁠8,9,10,11,12,13,14
  • Medicare’s plan of care must be certified by a physician or nonphysician practitioner, and since January 2025 a signed order or referral on file can stand in for that signature on an initial plan delivered within 30 days of the evaluation.⁠15
  • Under 3 V.S.A. section 129a, in the professional regulation subchapter that covers the boards and professions attached to the Office of Professional Regulation, physical therapists, occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists among them, failing to retain client records for seven years is unprofessional conduct by a licensee unless a law specific to the profession allows a shorter period, and a longer period set by another law or agency rule controls.⁠16,17
  • The business entity is registered with the Vermont Secretary of State’s Business Services Division, and the state’s rules on who may own a therapy entity apply.⁠18,19
  • A child under three with a developmental delay is referred to the early intervention program of Children’s Integrated Services, which runs separately from an outpatient clinic’s own intake.⁠20,21,22

Who licenses OTs, PTs and SLPs in Vermont?

The Vermont Office of Professional Regulation licenses all three disciplines, and each profession has its own statute, renewal date and continuing-education requirement.⁠1,4,5 A clinic that employs more than one discipline still keeps three registers, not one.

DisciplineLicensed byLicensing law and rulesRenewal and continuing educationAssistants
Physical therapyVermont Office of Professional Regulation, Physical Therapists26 V.S.A. chapter 38, sections 2081a to 2121 (Physical Therapists), with the Physical Therapy Licensure Compact at sections 2131 to 2144, and 3 V.S.A. chapter 5, subchapter 3, for every profession the Office regulates; Administrative Rules for Physical Therapists, effective June 1, 2013every two years, on a fixed date of September 30 in even-numbered years; 24 continuing competence units per two-year licensing period for physical therapists and 16 for physical therapist assistants, in the professional practice of physical therapy or patient/client managementa PTA works under a PT’s supervision; the PT visits the PTA’s work site at a reasonable frequency, re-evaluates and treats the patient at least every fifth visit or every 30 days, whichever comes first, and supervises no more than four PTAs at one time⁠1,23,24,25
Occupational therapyVermont Office of Professional Regulation, Occupational Therapy26 V.S.A. chapter 71, sections 3351 to 3362 (Occupational Therapy), with the Occupational Therapy Licensure Compact at sections 3365 to 3379, and 3 V.S.A. chapter 5, subchapter 3, for every profession the Office regulates; Occupational Therapy Administrative Rules, effective June 1, 2004every two years, on a fixed date of May 31 in even-numbered years for occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants alike; 20 hours of continuing competence per two-year renewal period; a first renewal after initial licensure needs 10 hours per full year of licensurean OTA works under an OT’s supervision at a level set by experience: close supervision (daily, direct, face-to-face contact at the site of work) in the first year or a new practice setting, routine supervision (face-to-face at the site at least every two weeks) from one to three years, and general supervision (face-to-face at least monthly) after three years⁠4,26,27,28,29
Speech-language pathologyVermont Office of Professional Regulation, Speech-Language Pathologists26 V.S.A. chapter 87, sections 4451 to 4464 (Speech-Language Pathologists), with the Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact at sections 4500 to 4515, and 3 V.S.A. chapter 5, subchapter 3, for every profession the Office regulatesevery two years, on a fixed date of August 31 in even-numbered years, on the schedule the Director sets; 20 hours of continuing education per renewal, or proof of an active ASHA CCC-SLP in its placeVermont does not license speech-language pathology assistants, and Vermont Medicaid does not pay for their services⁠5,30,31,32,33

Physical therapists, occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists all answer to the Vermont Office of Professional Regulation, each profession under its own statute and continuing-education rule.⁠1,4,5 A license is a state authorization; a national certification (NBCOT for occupational therapy, the ASHA certificate for speech-language pathology, the NPTE for physical therapy) is a different thing and does not replace it. Compact privileges for practitioners licensed elsewhere are covered under telehealth below.

What does a Vermont license renewal require?

The office sets a separate cycle and hours for each profession, listed in the table above, and the register template at the end of this page tracks them per clinician.⁠1,4,5 A renewal missed is a lapse, and the office’s own rules say what a lapsed licensee may and may not do; the clinic reads those rules before a clinician’s renewal date passes, not after.

Can a patient see a Vermont PT, OT or SLP without a referral?

State law answers this discipline by discipline, and a payer may still require a referral the law does not. For physical therapy, the physical therapy chapter defines the practice, from examination and evaluation to treatment, and requires a license to practice it, and carries no provision that conditions an evaluation or treatment on a physician’s referral.⁠2,6 For occupational therapy, the occupational therapy chapter defines the practice, including evaluating and treating, and requires a license to practice it, and carries no provision that conditions an evaluation or treatment on a physician’s referral.⁠34 For speech-language pathology, the speech-language pathology chapter defines the practice, including assessing, diagnosing and treating, and requires a license to practice it, and carries no provision that conditions an evaluation or treatment on a physician’s referral.⁠35 As a payer, Vermont Medicaid has not required a referral for outpatient therapy since January 1, 2026, though home health therapy still needs one.⁠6

The payer’s rule is separate. Medicare pays for outpatient therapy under a plan of care certified by a physician or nonphysician practitioner, and the regulation’s 2025 text lets a signed order or referral on file, with the plan delivered within 30 days of the initial evaluation, stand in for that signature on an initial plan.⁠15 Vermont Medicaid’s referral and prior-authorization rules are in the next section. A commercial plan’s rule is in its member contract and provider manual, and the clinic keeps a copy of each.

How does Vermont Medicaid pay for pediatric and adult therapy?

Vermont Medicaid is run by the Department of Vermont Health Access, and a clinic enrolls through its provider enrollment route before it bills.⁠36 For children, the federal EPSDT benefit requires the state to cover services that correct or ameliorate a condition found at a screening, whether or not the state plan covers them for adults.⁠37 For members under 21, Vermont Medicaid’s therapy supplement requires no prior authorization for outpatient physical, occupational or speech therapy and, under EPSDT, furnishes all coverable, appropriate and medically necessary services needed to correct and ameliorate health conditions.⁠3

Adults from age 21 have 60 combined outpatient physical, occupational and speech therapy visits a calendar year before prior authorization is needed, whatever the condition. The limit does not reach inpatient or home health services, and since January 1, 2026 outpatient therapy needs no physician or advanced practice provider referral.⁠7 Past an adult’s 60 visits, the therapist sends the Department of Vermont Health Access a written request showing medical necessity, measurable progress, goals, a plan of care and the expected time to reach the goals. Since January 1, 2026 the department decides a standard request within 7 calendar days, and home health therapy needs no prior authorization at any age.⁠38 Vermont Medicaid’s managed care is PC Plus, which the department administers itself: members whose primary insurer is Vermont Medicaid or Dr. Dynasaur enroll in it and choose a primary care physician. A therapy clinic enrolls with Vermont Medicaid through the state’s fiscal agent, Gainwell.⁠39 The fee schedule is published by the agency, and a clinic reads the current file rather than a remembered rate.⁠40

How does Vermont Medicaid want OT, PT and SLP claims coded?

Vermont Medicaid follows Medicare in requiring modifier GN, GO or GP on therapy codes to show the speech, occupational or physical therapy plan of care. It allows at most four 15-minute timed units a session and covers one hour of outpatient therapy per discipline per day. Prior authorization requests use the department’s Re/habilitation Therapy (PTOTST) form and list codes and modifiers in the order billed on the claim. PTA and OTA services may be billed with documentation cosigned by the PT or OT of record, while services of speech assistants may not. The supplement lists sensory integration among the techniques it does not cover.⁠41,42,43,44,45,46 The codes, modifiers and authorization forms are the manual’s and change with it, so the clinic reads the current therapy sections before its first claim and records the manual’s page-updated date in the payer register.

Does Vermont Medicaid pay for therapy in schools?

Vermont schools are reimbursed for medically necessary direct health services for special education through School-Based Health Services and for outreach through Medicaid Administrative Claiming. For school year 2026/27 the two are becoming one Medicaid school-based services program run by the Agency of Human Services and the Department of Vermont Health Access.⁠47 A school’s billing is the district’s, under its own program; an outpatient clinic’s claim for the same child is a separate matter with its own eligibility and authorization.

Does Vermont Medicaid cover therapy by telehealth?

Vermont Medicaid covers telehealth, and its therapy supplement says telehealth alone is not indicated when a thorough evaluation needs physical contact or the plan uses physical agents or manual therapies such as joint mobilization.⁠48 The telehealth section below covers the state’s own rules for the session itself.

What are Vermont’s telehealth rules for therapy?

A therapist treating a patient by video needs authority to practice where the patient is located at the time of the session, and the federal telehealth site says so plainly: licensure follows the patient’s location, and a compact privilege is one route to it.⁠8 A health care professional who is not otherwise licensed in Vermont and treats a patient located in Vermont by telehealth must hold a Vermont telehealth license or telehealth registration, which never covers in-person care. Until the Office of Professional Regulation’s telehealth rules take effect, out-of-state physical therapists, occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists use its Interim Telehealth Registration. 18 V.S.A. section 9361 requires the provider to obtain and document the patient’s oral or written informed consent before delivering care by telemedicine.⁠49,50,51

CompactVermont’s statusSource
PT Compact (physical therapy)member: the commission lists Vermont among the 38 member states actively issuing and accepting compact privileges (October 29, 2026); the Office of Professional Regulation says Vermont went live with the compact on March 1, 2025the PT Compact Commission and the Vermont Office of Professional Regulation⁠9,10
OT Compact (occupational therapy)enacted but not yet active: the commission’s table lists Vermont as "Not Yet" accepting OT compact applications, and the Office of Professional Regulation says the compact is not yet active in Vermont (October 29, 2026)the OT Compact Commission and the Vermont Office of Professional Regulation⁠11,12
ASLP Interstate Compact (speech-language pathology and audiology)enacted but not yet issuing privileges: the commission’s map places Vermont (H.86, 2023) among the states with legislation enacted and not yet issuing privileges, and the Office of Professional Regulation says the compact is not yet active in Vermont (October 29, 2026)the ASLP-IC Commission and the Vermont Office of Professional Regulation⁠13,14

A compact privilege is not a national license: it is a privilege to practice in the specific member state that issued it, under that state’s licensing law, and a state that has enacted the compact may not yet be issuing privileges, which is why the table names the commission’s current status.⁠9,10 8 V.S.A. section 4098a requires a health insurance plan to cover services delivered through telemedicine to the same extent as in person and to pay the same rate for equivalent codes and modifiers, subject to the plan and provider contract, and it applies to Medicaid as well.⁠52

Which business steps are specific to Vermont?

The entity is registered with the Vermont Secretary of State’s Business Services Division, and the choice of entity is shaped by the state’s rule on who may own a therapy business.⁠18 A clinic may incorporate as a professional corporation under the Vermont Professional Corporation Act by filing articles with the Secretary of State that say so and name the professional service. Its shares may go only to individuals authorized to render that service or to the plans and partnerships the Act allows, and at least half its directors and all its officers except the secretary and treasurer must be qualified persons.⁠19 State tax registration is with the Vermont Department of Taxes, through a business tax account in myVTax.⁠53 Vermont’s 6 percent sales tax applies to retail sales of tangible personal property and the services listed in 32 V.S.A. section 9771 (utilities, admissions, telecommunications and a few others). The Department of Taxes lists durable medical equipment, mobility enhancing equipment such as canes, walkers and wheelchairs, and orthotic devices and braces as exempt, and a business that collects sales tax must register with the department.⁠54,55,56,57 Every Vermont employer other than state, county and municipal bodies must secure workers’ compensation for its employees, by insurance with an authorized carrier or company, or by showing the Commissioner its own financial responsibility.⁠58 A city or county business license is a local question, answered by the city hall of the clinic’s address. The startup-costs guide carries the budget worksheet these registrations go into.

What record and privacy rules apply in Vermont?

Under 3 V.S.A. section 129a, in the professional regulation subchapter that covers the boards and professions attached to the Office of Professional Regulation, physical therapists, occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists among them, failing to retain client records for seven years is unprofessional conduct by a licensee unless a law specific to the profession allows a shorter period, and a longer period set by another law or agency rule controls.⁠16,17 Two federal periods sit beside it and are often confused with it: Medicare requires 7 years for documentation of orders, certifications, referrals and payment requests, and HIPAA requires 6 years for its own compliance documentation, and neither sets the retention period for the clinical chart.⁠59,60

18 V.S.A. section 1881 bars a HIPAA covered entity or business associate from disclosing protected health information unless HIPAA permits the disclosure, and adds limits on disclosing information related to legally protected health care activity.⁠61 The Security Breach Notice Act, 9 V.S.A. section 2435, requires a data collector to notify affected consumers of a security breach as quickly as possible and no later than 45 days after discovery, and to give the Attorney General a preliminary description within 14 business days. A HIPAA-covered clinic is deemed compliant for a breach of health information it reports under the federal breach notification rule.⁠62 33 V.S.A. section 4913 makes any health care provider a mandated reporter of child abuse and neglect, its list naming physicians, nurses and other professions but not therapists by title, and also covers every individual contracted and paid by a school district to provide student services. A mandated reporter who reasonably suspects abuse or neglect must report within 24 hours.⁠63

Which Vermont rules shape a pediatric clinic?

Children’s Integrated Services provides IDEA Part C early intervention, occupational therapy, physical therapy and speech and language services among them, to children from birth to age three who have developmental delays or diagnosed conditions with a high probability of delay. Families start by contacting their local CIS Coordinator, and payment comes from several sources, including insurance, Medicaid, participating agencies, local schools and family cost share.⁠20,21,22 A child who turns three moves from early intervention to the school district’s evaluation, and a private clinic’s services run beside both systems rather than inside them. 8 V.S.A. section 4082 requires health insurance plans, and Medicaid, to cover evidence-based diagnosis and treatment of early childhood developmental disorders, autism included, from birth until age 21. Treatment includes therapeutic care by licensed speech-language pathologists, occupational therapists and physical therapists, its amount, frequency and duration rest on medical necessity and may need prior authorization.⁠64 The autism insurance mandates guide covers how such a mandate meets a plan’s own terms.

Which Vermont rules shape an adult clinic?

Medicare claims from Vermont go to National Government Services, the Medicare Administrative Contractor for Jurisdiction K, Part A and Part B (Connecticut, New York, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont), whose local coverage articles for therapy are the ones a Vermont clinic reads.⁠65 Vermont Medicaid’s adult therapy rules are in the Medicaid section above. The Department of Labor’s Rule 40 medical fee schedule caps an employer’s liability for medical services to an injured employee at the maximum fee it lists for each CPT code, or the provider’s charge if lower. The department filed a final proposed updated rule on September 24, 2026.⁠66,67

Which associations and directory pages serve Vermont?

The state chapters are the Vermont Chapter of the American Physical Therapy Association for physical therapy, the Vermont Occupational Therapy Association for occupational therapy and the Vermont Speech Language Hearing Association for speech-language pathology.⁠68,69,70 On DrSensory, families browse Vermont clinics by discipline on the occupational therapy, physical therapy and speech therapy pages for the state, which the directory builds from the clinic addresses it holds; a clinic appears on the pages of its own address.⁠71

Which Vermont cities have DrSensory city pages?

Beyond its three Vermont pages, the directory publishes city pages for one Vermont city, Burlington, three pages across the three disciplines, each listing the clinics whose address is in that city; a clinic appears on the city page of its address without any action of its own, and a city or discipline without a page is reached through the state page.⁠71

CityOccupational therapyPhysical therapySpeech therapy
Burlingtonoccupational therapy in Burlingtonphysical therapy in Burlingtonspeech therapy in Burlington

How many Vermont PT, OT and SLP clinics does DrSensory list?

DrSensory lists 14 PT, OT and SLP clinics in Vermont, on its occupational therapy, physical therapy and speech therapy pages for the state.⁠71

Is your clinic one of the 14?

An unclaimed listing shows what public records hold: the name, address, phone and therapy. A claimed listing carries the Claimed and verified badge and the clinic’s own name, address, phone, hours, website, therapies, ages served and insurance accepted, corrected in the clinic’s own editor.

Claiming starts with finding the listing and confirming the clinic’s email with a six-digit code. Claiming is free. Nothing is charged. The subscription, the one paid tier, adds a description, photos, clinicians, reviews and family messages, at $349.99 a year or $29.99 a month for the first location.

Claim your listingSee the pricing

Where does each requirement come from, and what does the clinic do?

RequirementWhere it comes fromWhat the clinic doesSource
A license for each clinicianthe Vermont Office of Professional RegulationVerify every license on the office’s site and enter its renewal date in the register1,4,5,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33
Referral or direct accessThe licensing law for each disciplineSet the intake rule per discipline; keep the payer’s rule beside it2,6,34,35
Medicaid enrollment and coveragethe Department of Vermont Health AccessEnroll, read the provider manual’s therapy sections, note who issues authorizations3,36
Medicare plan of care42 CFR 424.24Certify every plan, or hold the signed order or referral on file with the plan delivered within 30 days15
Telehealth across a state lineThe patient’s state and the compactsConfirm the patient’s location each session; hold a license or a privilege there8,9,10
The business entitythe Vermont Secretary of State’s Business Services DivisionChoose the entity the state’s law allows and register it18,19
Record retentionState law, Medicare and HIPAAKeep the longest period that applies16,17,59

Which templates does a Vermont launch need?

Vermont launch checklist. Each line names its source so the clinic can re-read the rule when it changes.

  • Physical therapy licenses verified with the Vermont Office of Professional Regulation; renewal dates and continuing-education hours entered in the register
  • Occupational therapy licenses verified with the Vermont Office of Professional Regulation; the same
  • Speech-language pathology licenses verified with the Vermont Office of Professional Regulation; the same
  • The intake rule for referrals set per discipline from the licensing law, with the payer’s rule beside it
  • Vermont Medicaid enrollment filed; the provider manual’s therapy sections and who issues authorizations noted
  • Medicare enrollment and the plan-of-care routine in place
  • Telehealth: the patient-location check at every session; licenses or compact privileges for every state served
  • The entity registered with the Vermont Secretary of State’s Business Services Division; the ownership rule read
  • The state’s sales-tax rule on services and on goods sold to patients read; a seller’s permit where the clinic sells goods
  • Record retention set to the longest period that applies
  • The early-intervention and school pathways known to intake, with the referral routes
  • The Medicare contractor’s therapy articles bookmarked
  • The state association memberships decided

License and renewal register. One line per clinician.

  • Clinician: [their name]
  • Discipline and licensing office: [physical therapy, occupational therapy or speech-language pathology; the licensing office]
  • License number: [as the licensing office lists it]
  • Renewal date: [the date]
  • Continuing-education hours due and completed: [hours due by the licensing office’s rule; hours completed to date]
  • Compact privileges held: [the states and the privilege numbers, if any]
  • Checked on the licensing office’s site: [the date and by whom]

Payer register. One line per payer the clinic bills.

  • Payer: [Vermont Medicaid, Medicare through National Government Services, a commercial plan]
  • Enrollment or contract status and effective date: [the status; the date]
  • Referral rule: [what the payer requires]
  • Authorization rule and who issues it: [what needs authorization; who issues it]
  • Telehealth rule: [covered services and modifiers]
  • Fee schedule location and date read: [where; when]
  • Owner: [who keeps this line current]

How might two Vermont clinics plan a launch?

A pediatric occupational therapy clinic in Burlington. Hypothetical; a planning exercise, not a claim about demand in Burlington.

  • Licensing: the owner and one occupational therapy assistant are verified with the Vermont Office of Professional Regulation; the assistant’s supervision rule from the office goes into the staffing plan.
  • Referrals: the licensing law’s rule for occupational therapy sets the intake script; Vermont Medicaid’s referral and authorization rules sit beside it.
  • Medicaid: enrollment is filed before the first family is scheduled, and the program’s authorization rule for children, quoted above, is written into the scheduling routine.
  • Early intervention: families with children under three are told how the referral to the early intervention program of Children’s Integrated Services works and that the clinic’s services run beside it.
  • Records: the chart policy is set on day one at or above the longest retention period that applies.

An adult physical therapy clinic in South Burlington. Hypothetical; a planning exercise, not a claim about demand in South Burlington.

  • Licensing: two physical therapists verified with the Vermont Office of Professional Regulation; one holds a PT Compact privilege for a neighboring state, which the telehealth policy records.
  • Referrals: the licensing law’s direct-access rule sets the intake script; Medicare’s plan-of-care routine is written before the first Medicare patient, with the signed order or referral held on file where the referring practitioner sends one.
  • Medicare: enrollment through National Government Services; the contractor’s therapy articles are read for the codes the clinic bills.
  • Telehealth: the patient-location check is part of every video session’s note; a patient who travels out of state is seen only where the clinic holds authority.
  • Business: the entity is registered with the Vermont Secretary of State’s Business Services Division in the form the state’s law allows, and the local business license is filed with the city.

Frequently asked questions

Can I practice in Vermont on a compact privilege from another state?

Only as the compact’s commission states for Vermont: the table above gives each compact’s status, and a privilege is issued for a specific member state under that state’s licensing law, not as a national license.⁠9,10,11,12,13,14

Does Vermont Medicaid cover therapy for adults?

Within its own rules: the provider manual sets what is covered for adults, with the limits and authorization requirements quoted in the Medicaid section, while children’s coverage runs under EPSDT.⁠7,37

Do patients in Vermont need a referral before therapy?

The licensing law answers per discipline and the referral section quotes each rule; a payer may still require a referral or a certified plan of care the law does not, so the intake script carries both rules.⁠2,6,15

Can I treat a Vermont patient by telehealth from another state?

Only with authority to practice in Vermont, since licensure follows the patient’s location; a compact privilege is one route where the compact is live for the state.⁠8,9,10

How long must a Vermont clinic keep therapy records?

Seven years, under 3 V.S.A. section 129a, which makes failing to retain client records that long unprofessional conduct by a licensee of a profession attached to the Office of Professional Regulation, physical therapists, occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists among them. A longer period in another law or agency rule controls.⁠16,17 Medicare’s 7-year and HIPAA’s 6-year rules cover other documents and do not shorten it.⁠59,60

Which entity can a Vermont therapy clinic form?

A professional corporation under the Vermont Professional Corporation Act is available, with shares held by individuals licensed to render the service and at least half the directors and all officers but the secretary and treasurer qualified persons.⁠19 Registration with the Vermont Secretary of State’s Business Services Division follows the choice.⁠18

How is a young child referred to early intervention in Vermont?

Through Children’s Integrated Services, the Department for Children and Families’ IDEA Part C program for children from birth to age three; families and clinicians start with the local CIS Coordinator.⁠20,21,22

Where do families find Vermont therapy clinics on DrSensory?

On the state’s occupational therapy, physical therapy and speech therapy pages and on the city pages listed above, built from the clinic addresses the directory holds; a clinic’s listing appears on the pages of its own address, and a paid listing adds the clinic’s own description, hours and specialties.⁠71,72

More for therapists

Sources

  1. Vermont. Vermont Office of Professional Regulation, Physical Therapists. Checked October 29, 2026.
  2. Vermont General Assembly. 26 V.S.A. §§ 2081a(8) and 2082(a). Checked October 29, 2026.
    Show the passageHide the passage
    ““Practice of physical therapy” means: (A) examining, evaluating, and testing, in order to determine a plan of care inclusive of appropriate therapeutic interventions and expected outcome and effect of the interventions of individuals with: ... (B) alleviating impairments and functional limitations in physical movement and mobility and disabilities by developing, implementing, and modifying treatment interventions; ... No person shall: (1) practice or attempt to practice physical therapy or hold himself or herself out as being able to do so in this State without first having obtained a license ...”
  3. Department of Vermont Health Access. Vermont Medicaid Physical Therapy/Occupational Therapy/Speech Language Pathology Supplement (2026-03-16), Section 4. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “Pediatric rules apply until the date before the 21st birthday. Adult rules apply from the 21st birthday onward. ... Beginning January 1, 2025, no prior authorization will be required for outpatient pediatric PT, OT, and SLP services. Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT): Vermont Medicaid will provide comprehensive services and furnish all Medicaid coverable, appropriate, and medically necessary services needed to correct and ameliorate health conditions for Medicaid members under age 21.”
  4. Vermont. Vermont Office of Professional Regulation, Occupational Therapy. Checked October 29, 2026.
  5. Vermont. Vermont Office of Professional Regulation, Speech-Language Pathologists. Checked October 29, 2026.
  6. Department of Vermont Health Access. Vermont Medicaid Physical Therapy/Occupational Therapy/Speech Language Pathology Supplement (2026-03-16), Section 3. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “Effective 1/1/26, an MD/advanced practice provider referral is not required for outpatient Re/hab therapy services for Vermont Medicaid members. This includes PT, OT, and SLP. ... Due to federal requirements, an MD/advanced practice provider referral is still required for Home Health therapy services per Health Care Administrative Rule 4.231(b) Home Health Services.”
  7. Department of Vermont Health Access. Vermont Medicaid Physical Therapy/Occupational Therapy/Speech Language Pathology Supplement (2026-03-16), Sections 3 and 4. Checked October 29, 2026.
    Show the passageHide the passage
    “Effective 1/1/26, an MD/advanced practice provider referral is not required for outpatient Re/hab therapy services for Vermont Medicaid members. This includes PT, OT, and SLP. ... Pediatric rules apply until the date before the 21st birthday. Adult rules apply from the 21st birthday onward. Beginning January 1, 2025, the number of outpatient PT, OT, and SLP visits allowed for adult members prior to needing prior authorization is 60 combined PT, OT, and SLP outpatient visits per calendar year, regardless of medical condition. ... The limit does not apply to services provided in inpatient facilities or by home health agencies.”
  8. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Getting started with licensure (Telehealth.HHS.gov, last updated February 21, 2024). Checked October 26, 2026.
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    “Health professionals must meet the licensure requirements of the state where they are located and be licensed or legally permitted to practice in the state where the patient is located”. Its companion page, Licensing across state lines (last updated April 30, 2025): “The ability to deliver health care services across state lines varies based on state regulations”; “Prior to an appointment, providers should verify patient location and obtain consent”; “Compacts allow participating health care providers to practice in participating states”.
  9. PT Compact Commission. PT Compact Map. “Member States (38) ... Vermont ... Member States Actively Issuing and Accepting Compact Privileges ...” Checked October 29, 2026.
  10. Vermont Secretary of State, Office of Professional Regulation. Physical Therapy Licensure Compact. “As of July 1, 2024, Vermont is a member of the Physical Therapy Licensure Compact. ... Vermont went live with the compact on March 1, 2025, and Vermont licensees are now eligible to join the Physical Therapy Licensure Compact.” Checked October 29, 2026.
  11. Occupational Therapy Compact Commission. Before You Apply for an OT Compact Privilege. “State Accepting OT Applications? ... Vermont Not Yet ...” Checked October 29, 2026.
  12. Vermont Secretary of State, Office of Professional Regulation. Occupational Therapy Forms & Instructions. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “Although the Occupational Therapy Licensure Compact is live in some states, it is not yet active in Vermont. ... Until the Compact is implemented in Vermont a person who currently has a compact license in another state must also have a Vermont license to practice in Vermont.”
  13. Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact Commission. Compact Map. “Legislation Enacted - Not Yet Issuing Privileges ...” Checked October 29, 2026.
  14. Vermont Secretary of State, Office of Professional Regulation. Speech-Language Pathologist Forms & Instructions. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “Although the ASLP-IC is live in some states, it is not yet active in Vermont. ... Until the Compact is implemented in Vermont a person who currently has a compact license in another state must also have a Vermont license to practice in Vermont.”
  15. Code of Federal Regulations. 42 CFR 424.24, Requirements for medical and other health services furnished by providers under Medicare Part B (eCFR, up to date as of October 22, 2026; paragraph (c), outpatient physical therapy, occupational therapy and speech-language pathology services). Checked October 26, 2026.
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    “The individual needs, or needed, physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech-language pathology services.”; “The services were furnished while the individual was under the care of a physician, nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, or physician assistant.”; “The initial certification must be obtained as soon as possible after the plan is established.”; “Recertification is required at least every 90 days.”; “When it is recertified, the plan or other documentation in the patient’s record must indicate the continuing need for physical therapy, occupational therapy or speech-language pathology services.”; “the therapist has documented evidence that the plan of treatment has been delivered to the physician, NP, PA, or CNS within 30 days of completion of the initial evaluation, the certification does not need to be signed by a physician, NP, CNS, or PA who has knowledge of the case.”; “No references to an order or referral in this subsection shall be construed to require an order or referral for outpatient physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech-language pathology services.”.
  16. Vermont General Assembly. 3 V.S.A. § 129a(a)(9) (Chapter 5, Subchapter 3: Professional Regulation). Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “(a) In addition to any other provision of law, the following conduct by a licensee constitutes unprofessional conduct. ... (9) Failing to retain client records for a period of seven years, unless laws specific to the profession allow for a shorter retention period. When other laws or agency rules require retention for a longer period of time, the longer retention period shall apply.”
  17. Vermont General Assembly. 3 V.S.A. § 122. “The following boards or professions are attached to the Office of Professional Regulation: ... (16) Physical Therapists ... (31) Occupational Therapists ... (41) Speech-Language Pathologists ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
  18. Vermont Secretary of State. Business Filings. Checked October 29, 2026.
  19. Vermont General Assembly. 11 V.S.A. §§ 820, 830 and 840 (Vermont Professional Corporation Act). Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “One or more persons may incorporate a professional corporation by delivering to the Secretary of State for filing articles of incorporation that state: (1) it is a professional corporation; and (2) its purpose is to render the specified professional service. ... Except as provided in section 881 of this title, a professional corporation may issue shares, fractional shares, and rights or options to purchase shares only to: (1) individuals who are authorized by law to render a professional service described in the corporation’s articles of incorporation; ... Not fewer than one-half of the directors of a professional corporation and all of its officers, except the secretary and treasurer (if any), must be qualified persons with respect to the corporation, except as provided in section 881 of this title.”
  20. Vermont Department for Children and Families. Early Intervention Services. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “Early intervention services for infants and toddlers with special needs, from birth through age three and their families. ... Families with children, birth to three years old, who: Are experiencing developmental delays, or Have diagnosed conditions that have a high probability of resulting in developmental delays. ... Early intervention services ( IDEA Part C ) may include the following: ... Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy ... Special Instruction, Speech/Language ... Payment for services comes from a variety of sources, including insurance, Medicaid, participating agencies, local schools, and family cost share.”
  21. Vermont Department for Children and Families. Children’s Integrated Services (CIS). “Contact your local CIS Coordinator to get started. They’ll: Ask you questions about your concerns and the help you’re looking for. Help you access the services and other resources you need. ...” Checked October 29, 2026.
  22. Department of Vermont Health Access. Vermont Medicaid General Billing and Forms Manual (page updated 2026-10-22), Children’s Integrated Services-Early Intervention. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “If a child has a condition that qualifies for Vermont Medicaid coverage of therapy services and has no other insurance, Vermont Medicaid is the pay source. If the child does not have a condition that qualifies for Vermont Medicaid coverage, then the bill will go directly to CIS EI for coverage, with no need for a Vermont Medicaid denial.”
  23. Vermont Secretary of State, Office of Professional Regulation. Administrative Rules for Physical Therapists, effective June 1, 2013, Rule 3.1. “Licenses renew on a fixed biennial schedule, September 30th of the even numbered years, and must be renewed before they expire.” Checked October 29, 2026.
  24. Vermont Secretary of State, Office of Professional Regulation. Administrative Rules for Physical Therapists, effective June 1, 2013, Rule 4.1. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “A physical therapist licensee must document completion of a total of 24 CCUs during the two-year licensing period preceding renewal. A physical therapist assistant licensee must document completion of 16 CCUs during the two-year licensing period preceding renewal. This provision shall apply to all renewal periods. (b) CCUs must be obtained in subjects related to either the professional practice of physical therapy or patient/client management.”
  25. Vermont Secretary of State, Office of Professional Regulation. Administrative Rules for Physical Therapists, effective June 1, 2013, Rule 3.4(a) and (d). Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “Physical therapist assistants shall work under a PT’s supervision. The supervising physical therapist shall make regular visits at reasonable frequency to the place where the assistant is providing service and adjust the plan of care as needed. The physical therapist shall document the visits in the patient’s medical record. The physical therapist shall re-evaluate and render treatment to a patient at least every fifth visit or every 30 days, whichever occurs first, or if the treatment is performed more than once a day, at least once per week. ... (1) All PTAs: The supervising physical therapist may not supervise more than four physical therapist assistants at one time ...”
  26. Vermont Secretary of State, Office of Professional Regulation. OPR Initial Licensing/Renewal Fees & Dates, 90 Day Initial Licensing Policy (Updated 7/1/2025). Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “The chart below lists initial and renewal licensing fees as well as the expiration date/renewal cycle for each profession. ... Initial licenses issued 90 days or less from the profession’s renewal date will be granted through the next full two-year period. ... Occupational Therapy ... 072 - Occupational Therapist ... May 31st of Even Years ... 073 - Occupational Therapy Assistant ...”
  27. Vermont General Assembly. 26 V.S.A. § 3359(a). “Licenses shall be renewed every two years upon payment of the required fee, provided the person applying for renewal completes at least 20 hours of continuing competence requirements, approved by the Director, during the preceding two-year period.” Checked October 29, 2026.
  28. Vermont Secretary of State, Office of Professional Regulation. Occupational Therapy Administrative Rules, effective June 1, 2004, Rule 3.2(a). Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “A total of 20 hours of continuing competence shall be earned in a two year renewal period. An occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant who is renewing his or her license for the first time after initial licensure is subject to a 10 hour continuing competence requirement per full year of licensure.”
  29. Vermont Secretary of State, Office of Professional Regulation. Occupational Therapy Administrative Rules, effective June 1, 2004, Rule 3.7(a) and (g). Checked October 29, 2026.
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    ““Close supervision” means daily, direct, face-to-face contact at the site of work and applies only to occupational therapists with initial skill development proficiencies or occupational therapy assistants, as appropriate for the delivery of occupational therapy services. “Routine supervision” means direct face-to-face contact at least every two weeks at the site of the work, with interim supervision occurring by other methods, such as telephonic, electronic, or written communication and applies only to occupational therapy assistants “General supervision” means at least monthly direct face-to-face contact, with interim supervision available as needed by other methods ... (1) Entry level occupational therapy assistants are persons working on initial skill development (less than 1 year of work experience) or who are entering new practice environments or developing new skills (one or more years of experience) and shall require close supervision. (2) Intermediate level occupational therapy assistants are persons working on increased skill development, mastery of basic role functions (minimum one - three years of experience or dependent on practice environment or previous experience) and shall require routine supervision. (3) Advanced level occupational therapy assistants are persons refining specialized skills (more than 3 years work experience, or the ability to understand complex issues affecting role functions) and shall require general supervision.”
  30. Vermont Secretary of State, Office of Professional Regulation. OPR Initial Licensing/Renewal Fees & Dates, 90 Day Initial Licensing Policy (Updated 7/1/2025). Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “The chart below lists initial and renewal licensing fees as well as the expiration date/renewal cycle for each profession. ... Initial licenses issued 90 days or less from the profession’s renewal date will be granted through the next full two-year period. ... Speech Language Pathologist ... 144 - Speech Language Pathologist ... August 31st of Even Years ...”
  31. Vermont General Assembly. 26 V.S.A. § 4458. “A license shall be renewed on a schedule set by the Director upon payment of the renewal fee, provided the person applying for renewal completes professional development activities in accord with the processes approved by the Director.” Checked October 29, 2026.
  32. Vermont Secretary of State, Office of Professional Regulation. Speech Language Pathologist Renewal Instructions, February 2026. “Show proof of 20 hours of continuing education OR proof of active ASHA CCC-SLP designation.” Checked October 29, 2026.
  33. Department of Vermont Health Access. Vermont Medicaid Physical Therapy/Occupational Therapy/Speech Language Pathology Supplement (2026-03-16), Section 1. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “PT Assistants and OT Assistants are licensed in the state of Vermont, and their services may be billed to Vermont Medicaid. Speech Assistants are not licensed in the State of Vermont and therefore their services cannot be billed to Vermont Medicaid.”
  34. Vermont General Assembly. 26 V.S.A. §§ 3351(5) and 3352(a). Checked October 29, 2026.
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    ““Occupational therapy practice” means the therapeutic use of purposeful and meaningful occupations (goal-directed activities) to evaluate and treat individuals who have a disease or disorder, impairment, activity limitation, or participation restriction that interferes with their ability to function independently in daily life roles, and to promote health and wellness. ... No person shall practice or attempt to practice occupational therapy or hold himself or herself out as being able to do so in this State without first having obtained a license.”
  35. Vermont General Assembly. 26 V.S.A. §§ 4451(4) and 4452(a). Checked October 29, 2026.
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    ““Practice of speech-language pathology” includes: (A) screening, identifying, assessing and interpreting, diagnosing, rehabilitating, treating, and preventing disorders of language and speech, including disorders involving articulation, fluency, and voice; (B) screening, identifying, assessing and interpreting, diagnosing, and rehabilitating disorders of oral-pharyngeal function, including dysphagia and related disorders; ... A person shall not: (1) practice or attempt to practice speech-language pathology or hold oneself out as being permitted to do so in this State unless the person is licensed in accordance with this chapter ...”
  36. Department of Vermont Health Access (Vermont Medicaid Portal). Vermont Medicaid Portal: Provider Management Module Training. Checked October 29, 2026.
  37. Medicaid.gov (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services). Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment (Medicaid benefit page). Checked October 26, 2026.
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    “The Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT) benefit provides comprehensive and preventive health care services for children under age 21 who are enrolled in Medicaid.”; “It is the responsibility of states to determine medical necessity on a case-by-case basis.”.
  38. Department of Vermont Health Access. Vermont Medicaid Physical Therapy/Occupational Therapy/Speech Language Pathology Supplement (2026-03-16), Section 4. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “Beginning January 1, 2025, the number of outpatient PT, OT, and SLP visits allowed for adult members prior to needing prior authorization is 60 combined PT, OT, and SLP outpatient visits per calendar year, regardless of medical condition. ... Effective 1/1/26, prior authorization will not be required for home health PT, OT, and SLP services for Vermont Medicaid members, regardless of age or medical condition. ... To receive prior authorization for additional services a PT, OT, or SLP must submit a written request to the Department of Vermont Health Access (DVHA) with pertinent data showing the medical necessity for continued treatment, objective measurable progress to date, projected goals, a plan of care with treatment specifics, and estimated length of time to reach the goals. ... Effective 1/1/2026, DVHA must issue a determination within 7 calendar days of receipt of the standard request ...”
  39. Department of Vermont Health Access. Vermont Medicaid General Provider Manual (2026-10-15). Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “The Vermont Medicaid program requires all members enrolled in Vermont Medicaid or Dr. Dynasaur as their primary health insurer, to enroll in the PC Plus program and to choose a primary care physician to provide and coordinate their health care. ... A type of managed care entity, which in Vermont is called PC Plus. Members select their Primary Care Provider (PCP) and access health services through their PCP who works with the member to assure high quality medical care. The DVHA administers PC Plus. ... The State of Vermont contracts with a fiscal agent, Gainwell, to enroll/re-enroll Vermont Medicaid providers ...”
  40. Department of Vermont Health Access (Vermont Medicaid Portal). Vermont Medicaid Portal: Fee Schedule (last updated October 23, 2026). Checked October 29, 2026.
  41. Department of Vermont Health Access. Vermont Medicaid General Billing and Forms Manual (page updated 2026-10-22), Rehabilitative and Habilitative Therapy. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “Outpatient Therapy Modifiers: Vermont Medicaid follows Medicare’s requirement that SLPs, OTs, and PTs bill with modifier GN, GO or GP to identify the discipline of the plan of care under which the service is delivered. • GN = Services delivered under an outpatient speech-language pathology plan of care. • GO = Services delivered under an outpatient occupational therapy plan of care. • GP = Services delivered under an outpatient physical therapy plan of care.”
  42. Department of Vermont Health Access. Vermont Medicaid General Billing and Forms Manual (page updated 2026-10-22), Billing and Visit Length. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “A maximum of 4 units of the 15-minute timed codes are allowed per treatment session. It is considered unlikely that there is a medical necessity for outpatient treatment sessions longer than one hour in duration. Vermont Medicaid will only cover one hour of outpatient therapy services, per discipline, per day.”
  43. Department of Vermont Health Access. Vermont Medicaid Physical Therapy/Occupational Therapy/Speech Language Pathology Supplement (2026-03-16), Section 4, Prior Authorization. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “The DVHA has developed the DVHA Re/habilitation Therapy (PTOTST) Prior Authorization Request Form for therapist’s convenience. If you choose not to use the DVHA form, please submit documentation that addresses all the data points on the DVHA form, an initial evaluation/re-evaluation note, and a current progress note that demonstrates objective, measurable progress to date and current plan of care.”
  44. Department of Vermont Health Access. Vermont Medicaid General Billing and Forms Manual (page updated 2026-10-22), Outpatient Therapy Modifiers. “Prior Authorization Requests must give the exact codes and modifiers in the same order as they will be billed on the claim.” Checked October 29, 2026.
  45. Department of Vermont Health Access. Vermont Medicaid Physical Therapy/Occupational Therapy/Speech Language Pathology Supplement (2026-03-16), Section 1. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “PT Assistants and OT Assistants are licensed in the state of Vermont, and their services may be billed to Vermont Medicaid. Speech Assistants are not licensed in the State of Vermont and therefore their services cannot be billed to Vermont Medicaid. Documentation submitted to DVHA by PT or OT assistants must be cosigned by the member’s PT or OT of record.”
  46. Department of Vermont Health Access. Vermont Medicaid Physical Therapy/Occupational Therapy/Speech Language Pathology Supplement (2026-03-16), Section 4, Type of Service or Procedure Not Covered. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “Treatments that are experimental or investigational. Treatment techniques that do not have adequate research support at this time include, but are not limited to, sensory integration, craniosacral therapy, myofascial and visceral release, hippotherapy for conditions other than cerebral palsy, auditory integration therapy, hyperbaric oxygen treatment for brain injury, reflex integration treatment, dry needling, cupping, and facilitated communication. (Medicaid rule 7102.2G)”
  47. Department of Vermont Health Access. Medicaid School-Based Services. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “Medicaid reimburses for medically necessary direct health services and health access and outreach activities in Vermont schools. Currently, schools may seek reimbursement from Medicaid through two distinct programs operated by State Agencies: Medicaid Administrative Claiming (MAC) for health access and outreach activities; and School-Based Health Services (SBHS) for direct health services for Special Education. Under a Medicaid SBS transformation plan for school year 2026/27, these two programs will evolve into one unified, coordinated Medicaid school-based services (SBS) program administered by the Agency of Human Services (AHS) and Department of Vermont Health Access (DVHA), with close collaboration from the Agency of Education (AOE).”
  48. Department of Vermont Health Access. Vermont Medicaid Physical Therapy/Occupational Therapy/Speech Language Pathology Supplement (2026-03-16), Section 2. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “Telehealth services are a covered benefit. ... If the testing required to complete a thorough evaluation requires physical contact with the patient, telehealth-only service is not indicated. If the management plan requires the use of physical agents such as ultrasound, electrical stimulation, or light, or manual therapies such as joint mobilization, telehealth-only services are not indicated.”
  49. Vermont General Assembly. 26 V.S.A. § 3053(a) and (b). Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “A health care professional who is not otherwise licensed, certified, or registered to practice in Vermont but is licensed, certified, or registered in good standing in all other U.S. jurisdictions in which the health care professional is or has been licensed, certified, or registered and who wishes to provide health care services to a patient or client located in Vermont using telehealth shall obtain a telehealth license or telehealth registration from the Office or the Board in accordance with this chapter. ... Telehealth licensure or telehealth registration does not authorize the health care professional to open an office in Vermont or to provide in-person health care services to patients or clients located in Vermont.”
  50. Vermont General Assembly. 18 V.S.A. § 9361(c). Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “A health care provider delivering health care services or dental services through telemedicine shall obtain and document a patient’s oral or written informed consent for the use of telemedicine technology prior to delivering services to the patient. ... For services delivered through telemedicine on an ongoing basis, the health care provider shall be required to obtain consent only at the first episode of care.”
  51. Vermont Secretary of State, Office of Professional Regulation. Telehealth Registrations and Licensing. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “A healthcare professional who does not hold an active, conventional Vermont license and who is providing healthcare in Vermont via telehealth must register for an Interim Telehealth Registration. ... Healthcare providers holding only an Interim Telehealth Registration may not provide in-person services to patients or clients located in Vermont. ... Per Act 4 (2023), the Interim Telehealth Registration will remain available until the permanent Telehealth Registration and Licensure Rules are in effect and operational.”
  52. Vermont General Assembly. 8 V.S.A. § 4098a. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “A health insurance plan shall provide coverage for health care services and dental services delivered through telemedicine by a health care provider at a distant site to a covered individual at an originating site to the same extent that the plan would cover the services if they were provided through in-person consultation. (2)(A) A health insurance plan shall provide the same reimbursement rate for services billed using equivalent procedure codes and modifiers, subject to the terms of the health insurance plan and provider contract, regardless of whether the service was provided through an in-person visit with the health care provider or through telemedicine. ... (j) This section shall apply to Medicaid and any other public health care assistance program offered or administered by the State or by any subdivision or instrumentality of the State.”
  53. Vermont Department of Taxes. Register for a Business Tax Account. Checked October 29, 2026.
  54. Vermont Department of Taxes. Sales and Use Tax. “Vermont Sales Tax is charged on the retail sales of tangible personal property unless exempted by law. The sales tax rate is 6%.” Checked October 29, 2026.
  55. Vermont General Assembly. 32 V.S.A. § 9771. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, there is imposed a tax on retail sales in this State. The tax shall be paid at the rate of six percent of the sales price charged for, but in no case shall any one transaction be taxed under more than one of the following: (1) tangible personal property; (2) public utility services, including gas and electricity, but excluding water and transportation; ... (4) admission to places of entertainment, including athletic events, exhibitions, dramatic and musical performances, motion pictures, golf courses and ski areas, ... (5) telecommunications service, except coin-operated telephone service, paging service, private communications service, or value-added non-voice data service; (6) directory assistance ...”
  56. Vermont Department of Taxes. What is Taxable and Exempt. “MEDICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES - EXEMPT Durable Medical Equipment ... Mobility Enhancing Equipment Canes Crutches Motorized carts Stairlifts Walkers Wheelchairs Prosthetic devices ... Orthotic devices Trusses Fabric & elastic supports Braces ...” Checked October 29, 2026.
  57. Vermont Department of Taxes. Register for a Business Tax Account. “Most businesses operating in Vermont must first register with the Vermont Department of Taxes. For Sales and Use, Meals and Rooms, or Withholding you will need a separate business tax account for each of these respective taxes.” Checked October 29, 2026.
  58. Vermont General Assembly. 21 V.S.A. § 687(a). Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “Employers, not including State, county, or municipal bodies, shall secure compensation for their employees in one or more of the following ways: (1) By insuring and keeping insured the payment of such compensation with any corporation or reciprocal or interinsurance exchange authorized to transact the business of workers’ compensation insurance in this State. (2) By obtaining and keeping in force guarantee insurance with any company authorized to do such guarantee business within the State. (3) By establishing and maintaining to the satisfaction of the Commissioner the employer’s financial responsibility necessary to secure payment by the employer of compensation according to the terms of this chapter. ...”
  59. Code of Federal Regulations. 42 CFR 424.516, Additional provider and supplier requirements for enrolling and maintaining active enrollment status in the Medicare program (eCFR, up to date as of October 22, 2026; paragraph (f), Maintaining and providing access to documentation). Checked October 26, 2026.
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    “A provider or a supplier that furnishes covered ordered, certified, referred, or prescribed Part A or B services, items or drugs is required to—”; “Maintain documentation (as described in paragraph (f)(1)(ii) of this section) for 7 years from the date of service; and”; “Upon the request of CMS or a Medicare contractor, to provide access to that documentation”; “The documentation includes written and electronic documents (including the NPI of the physician or, when permitted, other eligible professional who ordered, certified, referred, or prescribed the Part A or B service, item, or drug) relating to written orders, certifications, referrals, prescriptions, and requests for payments for Part A or B services, items or drugs.”.
  60. Code of Federal Regulations. 45 CFR 164.316, Policies and procedures and documentation requirements (eCFR, up to date as of October 22, 2026; HIPAA Security Rule; paragraph (b)). Checked October 26, 2026.
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    “Maintain the policies and procedures implemented to comply with this subpart in written (which may be electronic) form; and”; “If an action, activity or assessment is required by this subpart to be documented, maintain a written (which may be electronic) record of the action, activity, or assessment.”; “Retain the documentation required by paragraph (b)(1) of this section for 6 years from the date of its creation or the date when it last was in effect, whichever is later.”.
  61. Vermont General Assembly. 18 V.S.A. § 1881(b). “A covered entity or business associate shall not disclose protected health information unless the disclosure is permitted under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA).” Checked October 29, 2026.
  62. Vermont General Assembly. 9 V.S.A. § 2435(b) and (e) (version effective until January 1, 2027; the January 1, 2027 version keeps the 45-day and 14-business-day periods). Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “Notice of the security breach shall be made in the most expedient time possible and without unreasonable delay, but not later than 45 days after the discovery or notification ... The data collector shall notify the Attorney General or the Department, as applicable, of the date of the security breach and the date of discovery of the breach and shall provide a preliminary description of the breach within 14 business days ... A data collector that is subject to the privacy, security, and breach notification rules adopted in 45 C.F.R. Part 164 pursuant to the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, P.L. 104-191 (1996) is deemed to be in compliance with this subchapter if: (1) the data collector experiences a security breach that is limited to personally identifiable information specified in 2430(10)(A)(vii); and (2) the data collector provides notice to affected consumers pursuant to the requirements of the breach notification rule in 45 C.F.R. Part 164, Subpart D.”
  63. Vermont General Assembly. 33 V.S.A. § 4913. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “A mandated reporter is any: (1) health care provider, including any: (A) physician, surgeon, osteopath, chiropractor, or physician assistant licensed, certified, or registered under the provisions of Title 26; ... (2) individual who is employed by a school district or an approved or recognized independent school, or who is contracted and paid by a school district or an approved or recognized independent school to provide student services ... (c) Any mandated reporter who reasonably suspects abuse or neglect of a child shall report in accordance with the provisions of section 4914 of this title within 24 hours of the time information regarding the suspected abuse or neglect was first received or observed.”
  64. Vermont General Assembly. 8 V.S.A. § 4082. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “(4) “Diagnosis of early childhood developmental disorders” means medically necessary assessments, evaluations, or tests to determine whether an individual has an early childhood developmental delay, including an autism spectrum disorder. ... “Therapeutic care” means services provided by licensed or certified speech language pathologists, occupational therapists, or physical therapists. ... (b)(1) A health insurance plan shall provide coverage for the evidence-based diagnosis and treatment of early childhood developmental disorders, including applied behavior analysis supervised by a nationally board-certified behavior analyst, for children, beginning at birth and continuing until the child reaches 21 years of age. (2) This section shall apply to Medicaid and any other public health care assistance program offered or administered by the State or by any subdivision or instrumentality of the State. ... (c) The amount, frequency, and duration of treatment described in this section shall be based on medical necessity and may be subject to a prior authorization requirement under the health insurance plan.”
  65. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs). “K Connecticut, New York, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont ... National Government Services, Inc.” Checked October 29, 2026.
  66. Vermont Department of Labor. Workers’ Compensation Medical Fee Schedule, Rule 40.000. Checked October 29, 2026.
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    “It establishes that the liability of an employer to pay for medical, surgical, hospital and nursing services provided to an injured employee shall not exceed the maximum fee for a particular service as provided for in this rule. ... "Maximum Allowable Payment" means the maximum fee for a procedure listed in Appendix I, subject to the provisions of section 40.020 of this rule, or the health care facility’s or health care provider’s charge whichever is less.”
  67. Vermont Department of Labor. Rule 40 – Vermont’s Medical Fee Schedule. “The State of Vermont is in the process of codifying an updated medical fee schedule. A final proposed rule was filed September 24, 2026.” Checked October 29, 2026.
  68. the Vermont Chapter of the American Physical Therapy Association. the Vermont Chapter of the American Physical Therapy Association (the state association's site). Checked October 29, 2026.
  69. the Vermont Occupational Therapy Association. the Vermont Occupational Therapy Association (the state association's site). Checked October 29, 2026.
  70. the Vermont Speech Language Hearing Association. the Vermont Speech Language Hearing Association (the state association's site). Checked October 29, 2026.
  71. DrSensory. Occupational therapy clinics in Vermont, with the physical therapy and speech therapy pages for the state (the directory's state pages, built from the addresses it holds). Checked October 29, 2026.
  72. DrSensory. Clinic Directory Pricing. “Claiming your listing is free. The subscription is $349.99 a year or $29.99 a month for your first location, and $99.99 a year or $9.99 a month for each additional location, not per therapist.” Checked October 30, 2026.

Medical disclaimer. This page is for general educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It is general guidance on running a therapy clinic in Vermont, not legal, compliance, billing or financial advice. Rules change; the clinic confirms each with its source before acting on it.