West Virginia PT, OT and SLP guide

For OT, PT and SLP clinics in West Virginia: three state boards license the disciplines; the licensing law lets the physical therapist examine, evaluate and test patients to determine a diagnosis, prognosis and plan of treatment intervention; West Virginia Medicaid covers children’s therapy under EPSDT and adults within its own rules; and telehealth follows the patient’s location.⁠^1,2,3,4,5

Who licenses OTs, PTs and SLPs in West Virginia?

Three state boards license the three disciplines in West Virginia, and each publishes its own licensing law, rules, renewal cycle and continuing-education requirement.⁠^1,6,7 A clinic that employs more than one discipline keeps three registers, not one.

Physical therapists and physical therapist assistants answer to the West Virginia Board of Physical Therapy.⁠^{1,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46} Occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants answer to the West Virginia Board of Occupational Therapy.⁠^{6,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58} Speech-language pathologists answer to the West Virginia Board of Examiners for Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology.⁠^{7,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67} The West Virginia Board of Physical Therapy, appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate, has five physical therapists, one physical therapist assistant, one certified athletic trainer and one citizen member.⁠^{1,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46} No one may practice or offer to practice physical therapy in West Virginia without a license or permit from the board.⁠^{1,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46} The West Virginia Board of Occupational Therapy has five members appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate: three occupational therapists, one occupational therapy assistant and one citizen member.⁠^{6,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58} No one may practice occupational therapy or present as an occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant in West Virginia without a current license under the act.⁠^{6,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58} The West Virginia Board of Examiners for Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate, has three speech-language pathologists, two audiologists, one hearing aid fitter and one citizen member.⁠^{7,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67} No one may practice or offer to practice speech-language pathology in West Virginia without a current license under the act.⁠^{7,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67} A license is a state authorization; a national certification (NBCOT for occupational therapy, the ASHA certificate for speech-language pathology, the NPTE for physical therapy) is a different thing and does not replace it. Compact privileges for practitioners licensed elsewhere are covered under telehealth below.

What does a West Virginia license renewal require?

Each board sets its own cycle and hours, listed in the table above, and the register template at the end of this page tracks them per clinician.⁠^1,6,7 A renewal missed is a lapse, and the board’s own rules say what a lapsed licensee may and may not do; the clinic reads those rules before a clinician’s renewal date passes, not after.

Can a patient see a West Virginia PT, OT or SLP without a referral?

State law answers this discipline by discipline, and a payer may still require a referral the law does not. For physical therapy, the licensing law lets the physical therapist examine, evaluate and test patients to determine a diagnosis, prognosis and plan of treatment intervention, and the board’s rule lets the therapist refer a patient to an appropriate health care practitioner when symptoms or conditions call for services beyond the scope of physical therapy.⁠^2,8,9 For occupational therapy, the licensing law’s scope of occupational therapy includes evaluation of factors affecting activities of daily living, education, work, play, leisure and social participation, and the board’s rule makes the occupational therapist directly involved, face to face, in the initial evaluation and the intervention plan.⁠^68,69 For speech-language pathology, the licensing act requires a license and defines the speech-language pathologist’s scope to include prevention, screening, consultation, assessment and diagnosis, treatment and follow-up for disorders of speech, language and swallowing.⁠^70,71 West Virginia Medicaid, as a payer, requires a referral from the treating, referring or prescribing physician, APRN, clinical nurse specialist or physician assistant for speech-language and audiology services.⁠^70,71

The payer’s rule is separate. Medicare pays for outpatient therapy under a plan of care certified by a physician or nonphysician practitioner, and the regulation’s 2025 text lets a signed order or referral on file, with the plan delivered within 30 days of the initial evaluation, stand in for that signature on an initial plan.⁠²³ West Virginia Medicaid’s referral and prior-authorization rules are in the next section. A commercial plan’s rule is in its member contract and provider manual, and the clinic keeps a copy of each.

How does West Virginia Medicaid pay for pediatric and adult therapy?

West Virginia Medicaid is run by the West Virginia Department of Human Services’ Bureau for Medical Services (BMS), and a clinic enrolls through its provider enrollment route before it bills.⁠⁷² For children, the federal EPSDT benefit requires the state to cover services that correct or ameliorate a condition found at a screening, whether or not the state plan covers them for adults.⁠⁷³ For members under 21, West Virginia Medicaid covers speech-language and audiology services, and a copy of the school-aged child’s IEP goes to the utilization management contractor when prior authorization is required. West Virginia Medicaid covers OT and PT for members in acute care and critical access hospitals, in outpatient settings and at home.⁠^3,4,5

For members 21 and older, West Virginia Medicaid limits speech-language therapy to one evaluation for listed medical or surgical conditions, such as stroke, tracheostomy, laryngectomy, traumatic brain injury, ALS, cerebral palsy and dysarthria, and requires prior authorization beyond the initial evaluation. Members in the Alternative Benefit Plan, the adult expansion population, may have up to 30 combined OT and PT visits a calendar year.⁠^10,11 West Virginia Medicaid limits OT, PT, osteopathic manipulation, chronic pain programs and chiropractic to a combined 20 visits per event, and every visit beyond the first 20 needs prior authorization from the utilization management contractor. The OT/PT chapter lists OT/PT services beyond 20 visits for chronic conditions, such as arthritis, cerebral palsy and developmental delay, among its non-covered services.⁠^{74,75,76,77,78} Mountain Health Trust, West Virginia Medicaid’s managed care program since September 1996, serves about 87 percent of members, including most adults and children, through four managed care organizations. The four Mountain Health Trust plans are Aetna Better Health of West Virginia, The Health Plan of West Virginia, Highmark Health Options of West Virginia and Wellpoint of West Virginia.⁠^{79,80,81,82,83,84} The fee schedule is published by the agency, and a clinic reads the current file rather than a remembered rate.⁠⁸⁵

How does West Virginia Medicaid want OT, PT and SLP claims coded?

West Virginia Medicaid limits OT and PT initial evaluations to one and re-evaluations to two a calendar year, bills a visit as one unit covering every modality on that date, and does not enroll or pay therapy assistants or aides directly.⁠^{86,87,88,89,90} The codes, modifiers and authorization forms are the manual’s and change with it, so the clinic reads the current therapy sections before its first claim and records the manual’s page-updated date in the payer register.

Does West Virginia Medicaid pay for therapy in schools?

West Virginia Medicaid pays for school-based health services under an IEP, provided by or through the Department of Education or a local education agency and ordered by a physician, PA or APRN, for eligible special education members from age three through 21.⁠^91,92,93 A school’s billing is the district’s, under its own program; an outpatient clinic’s claim for the same child is a separate matter with its own eligibility and authorization.

Does West Virginia Medicaid cover therapy by telehealth?

West Virginia Medicaid covers telehealth services its policies identify as appropriate for telehealth, billed with place of service 02 or 10 and paid by the fee schedule. The Medicaid telehealth standard code list, effective January 1, 2025, includes 92507 speech therapy, 97110 therapeutic exercise, 97112 neuromuscular reeducation and PT and OT evaluation codes such as 97161 and 97165, each with the status "provisional". The speech and audiology chapter, revised May 1, 2025, says treatment visits must be face-to-face.⁠^94,95,96,97 The telehealth section below covers the state’s own rules for the session itself.

What are West Virginia’s telehealth rules for therapy?

A therapist treating a patient by video needs authority to practice where the patient is located at the time of the session, and the federal telehealth site says so plainly: licensure follows the patient’s location, and a compact privilege is one route to it.⁠¹² West Virginia’s telehealth law for the licensing boards counts physical therapists, occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists as health care practitioners and defines telehealth to include audio-only calls, and lets a practitioner located in another state register with the West Virginia board for the limited purpose of providing interstate telehealth. For physical therapy, the board’s rule requires synchronous audiovisual interaction with the patient, which store-and-forward technology may supplement. For occupational therapy, the board’s rule requires informed consent to telehealth before services begin, documented in the record. For speech-language pathology, the licensing law requires written informed consent from the student, patient or client before telepractice services are provided.⁠^{98,99,100,101,102}

A compact privilege is not a national license: it is a privilege to practice in the specific member state that issued it, under that state’s licensing law, and a state that has enacted the compact may not yet be issuing privileges, which is why the table names the commission’s current status.⁠^13,14,15 West Virginia requires health insurers to cover services delivered by telehealth when the policy covers the same services face to face, and to pay for telehealth for an established patient on the same basis and at the same rate as an in-person visit.⁠^103,104

Which business steps are specific to West Virginia?

The entity is registered with the West Virginia Secretary of State, through the WV One Stop Business Portal, and the choice of entity is shaped by the state’s rule on who may own a therapy business.⁠^27,28 West Virginia’s licensing laws let a business entity provide physical therapy, occupational therapy or speech-language pathology only through licensed practitioners.⁠^29,30,31 State tax registration is with the West Virginia State Tax Department.⁠^105,106 West Virginia’s consumers sales and service tax reaches services but excepts professional and personal services, and the Tax Division’s rule names licensed physical therapists among those rendering professional services.⁠^{107,108,109,110} West Virginia’s workers’ compensation law makes every person, firm, association and corporation regularly employing another person to carry on any industry, service or business in the state an employer subject to the chapter, apart from listed exceptions such as employers of domestic workers and casual employers.⁠¹¹¹ A city or county business license is a local question, answered by the city hall of the clinic’s address. The startup-costs guide carries the budget worksheet these registrations go into.

What record and privacy rules apply in West Virginia?

As a West Virginia Medicaid requirement, providers keep records for five years, or three years after audits, with every exception resolved by BMS or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. A licensed health care provider must furnish a copy of the record within thirty days of a patient’s written request, subject to the statute’s exceptions. The physical therapy board’s rule bars a licensee from falsifying, altering or destroying patient, medical or billing records without authorization and requires accurate patient and billing records.⁠^24,25,26 Two federal periods sit beside it and are often confused with it: Medicare requires 7 years for documentation of orders, certifications, referrals and payment requests, and HIPAA requires 6 years for its own compliance documentation, and neither sets the retention period for the clinical chart.⁠^112,113

West Virginia’s speech-language pathology code of ethics bars revealing professional or personal information about a person served without authorization, unless the law requires it or it is needed to protect the person or the community, and the occupational therapy ethics rule requires practitioners to maintain patient confidentiality unless regulations mandate otherwise.⁠^114,115,116 West Virginia requires an individual or entity that owns or licenses computerized personal information to notify any state resident whose unencrypted information was, or is reasonably believed to have been, accessed and acquired without authorization, where that causes or is reasonably believed to cause identity theft or other fraud, and to do so without unreasonable delay.⁠¹¹⁷ West Virginia requires medical, dental and mental health professionals, school personnel and the others the statute lists who have reasonable cause to suspect a child is abused or neglected to report it to the Department of Human Services immediately, and not more than 24 hours after suspecting it. Medical, dental and mental health professionals and the others listed must also report immediately when they have reasonable cause to believe a vulnerable adult or facility resident is abused, neglected, financially exploited or in an emergency situation.⁠^118,119

Which West Virginia rules shape a pediatric clinic?

West Virginia Birth to Three, through the Bureau for Public Health and the Office of Maternal, Child and Family Health, is the lead agency for Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and assures services and supports at no cost for all eligible children under three with a developmental delay or at risk of one, and their families.⁠^32,33,34,35 A child who turns three moves from early intervention to the school district’s evaluation, and a private clinic’s services run beside both systems rather than inside them. West Virginia requires group accident and sickness policies to cover diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of autism spectrum disorder for individuals from 18 months to 18 years who were diagnosed at age eight or younger, including applied behavior analysis within the annual and monthly limits the statute sets. Small employers that employed an average of no more than 25 eligible employees in the preceding calendar year are exempt.⁠^{120,121,122,123} The autism insurance mandates guide covers how such a mandate meets a plan’s own terms.

Which West Virginia rules shape an adult clinic?

Medicare claims from West Virginia go to Palmetto GBA, LLC, the Medicare Administrative Contractor for Jurisdiction M, Parts A and B (North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia), whose local coverage articles for therapy are the ones a West Virginia clinic reads.⁠¹²⁴ West Virginia Medicaid’s adult therapy rules are in the Medicaid section above. The Insurance Commissioner’s workers’ compensation schedule sets maximum allowable medical fees from the West Virginia Medicare fee schedule, and approved managed health care plans, self-insured employers and private carriers may set their own fees.⁠^125,126

Which associations and directory pages serve West Virginia?

The state chapters are APTA West Virginia for physical therapy, the West Virginia Occupational Therapy Association (WVOTA) for occupational therapy and the West Virginia Speech-Language-Hearing Association (WVSHA) for speech-language pathology.⁠^127,128,129 On DrSensory, families browse West Virginia clinics by discipline on the occupational therapy, physical therapy and speech therapy pages for the state, which the directory builds from the clinic addresses it holds; a clinic appears on the pages of its own address.⁠¹³⁰

Which West Virginia cities have DrSensory city pages?

Beyond its three West Virginia pages, the directory publishes city pages for one West Virginia city, Charleston, three pages across the three disciplines, each listing the clinics whose address is in that city; a clinic appears on the city page of its address without any action of its own, and a city or discipline without a page is reached through the state page.⁠¹³⁰

How many West Virginia PT, OT and SLP clinics does DrSensory list?

DrSensory lists 8 PT, OT and SLP clinics in West Virginia, on its occupational therapy, physical therapy and speech therapy pages for the state.⁠¹³⁰

Where does each requirement come from, and what does the clinic do?

Which templates does a West Virginia launch need?

How might two West Virginia clinics plan a launch?

Sources

1. West Virginia Board of Physical Therapy. West Virginia Board of Physical Therapy. Checked October 30, 2026.
2. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-20-9, Scope of practice of a physical therapist. Checked October 30, 2026.
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   “A physical therapist may: (1) Examine, evaluate and test patients or clients with mechanical, physiological and developmental impairments, functional limitations, and disabilities or other health and movement related conditions in order to determine a diagnosis, prognosis and plan of treatment intervention, and to assess the ongoing effects of intervention ...”
3. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 530, Speech and Audiology Services (revised May 1, 2025). Checked October 30, 2026.
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   “Covered speech-language and audiology services are available to Medicaid members up to 21 years of age. ... A copy of the written Individualized Education Program (IEP) developed by the West Virginia Department of Education must be submitted to the UMC for all school-aged children when prior authorization is required.”
4. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 515, Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy (effective September 1, 2024). “West Virginia covers occupational therapy and physical therapy (OT/PT) services provided to Medicaid members admitted to an acute care hospital, a critical access hospital, outpatient setting or in the member’s home.” Checked October 30, 2026.
5. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 530, Speech and Audiology Services (revised May 1, 2025). Checked October 30, 2026.
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   “The Birth-to-Three Program must coordinate the treatment plan of care between the providing therapists and the program providers to avoid duplication of speech therapy. The Program must also coordinate the member’s transition to the school system after the age of three years.”
6. West Virginia Board of Occupational Therapy. West Virginia Board of Occupational Therapy. Checked October 30, 2026.
7. West Virginia Board of Examiners for Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology. West Virginia Board of Examiners for Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology. Checked October 30, 2026.
8. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 16 CSR 1, General Provisions for Physical Therapist and Physical Therapist Assistant (effective April 7, 2026), §16-1-9. Checked October 30, 2026.
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   “9.7. A physical therapist may refer a patient to an appropriate health care practitioner if the physical therapist has reasonable cause to believe that symptoms or conditions are present that require services beyond the scope of the practice of physical therapy.”
9. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 16 CSR 1, General Provisions for Physical Therapist and Physical Therapist Assistant (effective April 7, 2026), §16-1-9. Checked October 30, 2026.
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   “9.1.1. Examine, evaluate and test patients/clients with mechanical, physiological and developmental impairments, functional limitations, and disabilities or other health and movement related conditions in order to determine a diagnosis, prognosis and plan of treatment intervention ...”
10. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 530, Speech and Audiology Services (revised May 1, 2025). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “For members 21 years of age and older, speech-language therapy is limited to one evaluation for medical/surgical conditions which include but are not limited to: cerebral vascular accident (CVA), tracheotomy, tracheostomy, laryngectomy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), ... amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cerebral palsy, and dysarthria. Speech language therapy requires prior authorization beyond the initial evaluation.”
11. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 515, Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy (effective September 1, 2024). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “For members with the Alternative Benefits Plan, a maximum total of 30 visits per calendar year, combined OT/PT may be available. ... Attachment 3.1-L addresses benefits for the adult expansion population under the alternative benefits plan.”
12. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Getting started with licensure (Telehealth.HHS.gov, last updated February 21, 2024). Checked October 26, 2026.
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    “Health professionals must meet the licensure requirements of the state where they are located and be licensed or legally permitted to practice in the state where the patient is located”. Its companion page, Licensing across state lines (last updated April 30, 2025): “The ability to deliver health care services across state lines varies based on state regulations”; “Prior to an appointment, providers should verify patient location and obtain consent”; “Compacts allow participating health care providers to practice in participating states”.
13. PT Compact Commission. PT Compact Map. “Member States (38) ... Washington West Virginia Wisconsin ... 38 Member States Actively Issuing and Accepting Compact Privileges ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
14. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-41-1, Short title. “This act shall be known and may be cited as the Physical Therapy Licensure Compact Act.” Checked October 30, 2026.
15. West Virginia Board of Physical Therapy. PT Compact. “As of Tuesday March 10, 2020 West Virginia became an active member state in the PT Compact.” Checked October 30, 2026.
16. Occupational Therapy Compact Commission. Before You Apply for an OT Compact Privilege. “States not listed below are not a member of the Occupational Therapy Compact. ... State Accepting OTC Applications? ... West Virginia January 12, 2026 not required WV OT Laws $50 $50 $75 ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
17. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-28A-1, Purpose (West Virginia Occupational Therapy Compact). “The purpose of this compact is to facilitate interstate practice of occupational therapy with the goal of improving public access to occupational therapy services. ... Bill History For §30-28A-1 2022 Regular Session SB221 ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
18. West Virginia Board of Occupational Therapy. OT Compact - Licensee Info. “WV residents must first undergo an FBI Criminal Background Check to become eligible to purchase compact privileges in other states.” Checked October 30, 2026.
19. Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact Commission. Compact Privilege Status Update. “October 28, 2025 The ASLP-IC Operationalizes! Licensed practitioners in Louisiana and West Virginia can register and begin the privilege to practice process.” Checked October 30, 2026.
20. Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact Commission. ASLP-IC Home. “Registration is open for licensed practitioners in Louisiana, Ohio, Tennessee, and West Virginia ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
21. Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Interstate Compact Commission. State Fee and Jurisprudence Requirements (current as of May 28, 2026). “Current as of May 28, 2026 State Accepting ASLP Applications? ... West Virginia October 28, 2025 WV Jurisprudence Information WV Practice Act WV Regulations $25 $50 ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
22. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-32A-1, Purpose (Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists Compact). “The purpose of this compact is to facilitate interstate practice of audiology and speech-language pathology with the goal of improving public access to audiology and speech-language pathology services. ... Bill History For §30-32A-1 2020 Regular Session HB4375 ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
23. Code of Federal Regulations. 42 CFR 424.24, Requirements for medical and other health services furnished by providers under Medicare Part B (eCFR, up to date as of October 22, 2026; paragraph (c), outpatient physical therapy, occupational therapy and speech-language pathology services). Checked October 26, 2026.
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    “The individual needs, or needed, physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech-language pathology services.”; “The services were furnished while the individual was under the care of a physician, nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, or physician assistant.”; “The initial certification must be obtained as soon as possible after the plan is established.”; “Recertification is required at least every 90 days.”; “When it is recertified, the plan or other documentation in the patient’s record must indicate the continuing need for physical therapy, occupational therapy or speech-language pathology services.”; “the therapist has documented evidence that the plan of treatment has been delivered to the physician, NP, PA, or CNS within 30 days of completion of the initial evaluation, the certification does not need to be signed by a physician, NP, CNS, or PA who has knowledge of the case.”; “No references to an order or referral in this subsection shall be construed to require an order or referral for outpatient physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech-language pathology services.”.
24. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 100, General Information (effective March 1, 2023). “Providers must maintain records in accordance with Federal regulations for a period of five years, or three years after audits, with any and all exceptions having been declared resolved by BMS or the U.S. DHHS.” Checked October 30, 2026.
25. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §16-29-1, Copies of health care records to be furnished to patients. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(a) A health care provider so licensed, certified or registered under the laws of this state shall, upon the written request of a patient, his or her personal representative, as defined by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), as amended, and any rules promulgated pursuant to the act, and his or her authorized agent or authorized representative, within no more than thirty days from the receipt of the request, furnish a copy ...”
26. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 16 CSR 1, General Provisions for Physical Therapist and Physical Therapist Assistant (effective April 7, 2026), §16-1-9. “9.4. A licensee shall not falsify, alter, or destroy patient/client records, medical records, or billing records without authorization. The licensee shall maintain accurate patient and/or billing records.” Checked October 30, 2026.
27. West Virginia Secretary of State. Business. “File Secretary of State, State Tax Department, WorkForce West Virginia (Unemployment Compensation) and Department of Labor filings online through the state’s one stop portal.” Checked October 30, 2026.
28. West Virginia Secretary of State. Business. “Beginning in 2019, filing Annual Reports utilizing the One Stop Business Portal will be mandatory.” Checked October 30, 2026.
29. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-20-1, Unlawful acts. “(b) A business entity may not render any service or engage in any activity which, if rendered or engaged in by an individual, would constitute the practice of physical therapy, except through a licensee or permittee.” Checked October 30, 2026.
30. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-28-4, Scope of practice; license and supervision requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(c) No business entity may advertise or otherwise offer to provide or convey the impression that it is providing occupational therapy unless an individual holding a current valid license or permit under this article renders the occupational therapy services to which reference is made.”
31. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-32-1, Unlawful acts; criminal penalties. “(c) It is unlawful for any business entity, except through a licensee, to render any service or engage in any activity which if rendered or engaged in by an individual, would constitute the practices licensed under the provisions of this article.” Checked October 30, 2026.
32. West Virginia Birth to Three (Office of Maternal, Child and Family Health). Referrals (What is WV Birth to Three?). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “WV Birth to Three is a statewide system of services and supports for children under age three who have a delay in their development, or may be at risk of having a delay, and their family. The Department of Health and Human Resources, through the Bureau for Public Health and the Office of Maternal, Child and Family Health, WV Birth to Three, as the lead agency for Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), assures that family centered, community based services are available to all eligible children and families at no cost.”
33. West Virginia Birth to Three (Office of Maternal, Child and Family Health). Referrals (What is WV Birth to Three?). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “WV Birth to Three Secured Electronic Referral to complete a secured electronic form directly to your local regional office via DocuSign (recommended) ... OR you may call 1-866-321-4728 and ask to be connected to your local regional office. ... WVBTT Referral Form - A paper referral is also available if you wish to print, complete, and submit later. ... Referrals of children to WV Birth to Three come from varying sources. The most are from parents, pediatricians, and hospitals. ... Concerned family members or foster parents can also make a referral to the program.”
34. West Virginia Birth to Three (Office of Maternal, Child and Family Health). Referrals (What is WV Birth to Three?). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “To be eligible for WV Birth to Three services, an infant or toddler under the age of three can either have a delay in one or more areas of their development, or be at risk of possibly having delays in the future.”
35. West Virginia Bureau for Public Health. Maternal, Child and Family Health. “Office of Maternal, Child, and Family Health Birth to Three ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
36. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-20-4, West Virginia Board of Physical Therapy. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(a) The West Virginia Board of Physical Therapy is continued. (b) The board shall consist of the following members: (1) Five physical therapists; (2) One physical therapist assistant; (3) One person who is a certified athletic trainer; and (4) One citizen member, ... Appointments to the board shall be made by the Governor by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.”
37. West Virginia Board of Physical Therapy. About Us (Mission). “The WV Board of Physical Therapy (WVBOPT) is a state regulatory board created by the WV Legislature to regulate the practice of physical therapy and athletic training ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
38. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-20-1, Unlawful acts. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(a) It is unlawful for any person to practice or offer to practice physical therapy in this state without a license or permit issued under the provisions of this article, or advertise or use any title or description tending to convey the impression that they are a physical therapist or a physical therapist assistant unless the person has been duly licensed or permitted under the provisions of this article, and the license or permit has not expired, been suspended or revoked.”
39. West Virginia Board of Physical Therapy. PT/PTA Renewal Information. “Renewals begin October 1 and end December 31 in the year your license is due to expire. There is no grace period for renewals. Licenses not renewed on or before December 31 will automatically become delinquent.” Checked October 30, 2026.
40. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-20-14, Renewal requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(a) All persons regulated by this article shall annually or biannually before January 1, renew his or her license by completing a form prescribed by the board and submitting any other information required by the board. (b) The board shall charge a fee for each renewal of a license and shall charge a late fee for any renewal not paid by the due date. (c) The board shall require as a condition of renewal that each licensee complete continuing education.”
41. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 16 CSR 1, General Provisions for Physical Therapist and Physical Therapist Assistant (effective April 7, 2026), §16-1-5. “5.2. Licenses expiring on December 31 of each particular year must be renewed by payment of applicable fee along with completed renewal application.” Checked October 30, 2026.
42. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 16 CSR 1, General Provisions for Physical Therapist and Physical Therapist Assistant (effective April 7, 2026), §16-1-12. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “12.1. A "unit" is one clock hour spent in a continuing education activity ... 12.2. All licensees desiring to remain "active" and in good standing must complete 24 units of board approved continuing education within the 2-year licensing period.”
43. West Virginia Board of Physical Therapy. PT/PTA Renewal Information. “All licensees desiring to remain active and in good standing must complete 24 hours of WV board approved CEs within the 2 year licensing period. You must upload proof on continuing education compliance prior to being able to renew.” Checked October 30, 2026.
44. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 16 CSR 1, General Provisions for Physical Therapist and Physical Therapist Assistant (effective April 7, 2026), §16-1-10, Supervision of a Physical Therapist Assistant. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “10.1.1. An initial visit shall be made by a physical therapist for evaluation of the patient and establishment of a plan of care. ... 10.1.3. No more than 4 physical therapist assistants, physical therapist assistants holding a temporary permit, or physical therapy aides, or any combination thereof, can be supervised by a physical therapist at any one time. ... 10.2.1. A physical therapist must be accessible by telecommunications to the physical therapist assistant at all times that the physical therapist assistant is treating patients; and available to make a joint onsite visit or telehealth session with the physical therapist assistant within 24 hours as prudent practice indicates. ... 10.2.2. The physical therapist must visit the patient at least once every 10 physical therapist assistant visits, or within 30 calendar days, whichever occurs first.”
45. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-20-10, License to act as a physical therapist assistant. “(b) A physical therapist assistant shall use the letters "PTA" immediately following his or her name to designate licensure under this article.” Checked October 30, 2026.
46. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 16 CSR 1, General Provisions for Physical Therapist and Physical Therapist Assistant (effective April 7, 2026), §16-1-10. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “10.4. The physical therapist assistant may not perform the following physical therapy activities: 10.4.1. Interpretation of referrals; 10.4.2. Physical therapy initial evaluation and re-evaluation; 10.4.3. Identification, determination, or modification of plans of care (including goals and treatment programs) ...”
47. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-28-5, West Virginia Board of Occupational Therapy. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(a) The West Virginia Board of Occupational Therapy is continued with the following five members appointed by the Governor by and with the advice and consent of the Senate: (1) Three licensed occupational therapists; (2) One licensed occupational therapy assistant; and (3) One citizen member, who is not licensed under the provisions of this article.”
48. West Virginia Board of Occupational Therapy. About Us (Mission). “The WV Board of Occupational Therapy regulates and licenses persons providing Occupational Therapy services to the general public of WV.” Checked October 30, 2026.
49. West Virginia Board of Occupational Therapy. State Code and Legislative Rules. “The West Virginia Board of Occupational Therapy is governed by West Virginia (W. Va.) Code §30-28-1 et seq. and a series of Legislative Rules under Title 13.” Checked October 30, 2026.
50. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-28-4, Scope of practice; license and supervision requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(b) No person may engage in the practice of occupational therapy or present herself or himself as an occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant in this state, ... unless he or she holds a valid, current license issued in accordance with the provisions of this article, which has not expired, been suspended or revoked.”
51. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-28-14, Renewal of license; renewal of lapsed license; suspension, revocation and refusal to renew; reinstatement of revoked license. “(a) Licenses may be renewed biennially upon documentation of required continuing education and payment of a renewal fee.” Checked October 30, 2026.
52. West Virginia Board of Occupational Therapy. License Renewal. “It must be submitted by the expiration date to avoid assessment of $100 late fee. ... As licenses are renewed every two years, you may not be due to renew.” Checked October 30, 2026.
53. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 13 CSR 1, Administrative Rules of the Board of Occupational Therapy and Licensure of Occupational Therapists and Occupational Therapy Assistants (effective July 1, 2010), §13-1-11. “11.1. Licenses may be renewed biennially on renewal application forms provided by the Board.” Checked October 30, 2026.
54. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 13 CSR 4, Continuing Education and Competence (effective July 1, 2026), §13-4-3. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “3.3.1. Each licensee shall complete a minimum of 24 contact hours of continuing education and competency activities, as approved by this rule, during the 2 year period preceding the application for renewal. 3.3.2. A licensee may carry over up to 6 excess contact hours from one consecutive licensure period to another.”
55. West Virginia Board of Occupational Therapy. Continuing Education Requirements. “Subsequent renewals require a minimum of 24 contact hours during the 2 year period preceding the license renewal date.” Checked October 30, 2026.
56. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-28-4, Scope of practice; license and supervision requirements. “(d) An occupational therapy assistant may assist in the practice of occupational therapy under the general supervision of an occupational therapist.” Checked October 30, 2026.
57. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 13 CSR 1, Administrative Rules of the Board of Occupational Therapy and Licensure of Occupational Therapists and Occupational Therapy Assistants (effective July 1, 2010), §13-1-12. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “12.4.b. It is the responsibility of the occupational therapist supervising an occupational therapy assistant with less than one year’s experience to provide general supervision with direct contact at least every two weeks at the site of work and supervision available as needed by telephonic, electronic, or written communication. Documentation by the occupational therapist must reflect that this supervision has occurred.”
58. West Virginia Board of Occupational Therapy. Supervisory Statement. “All OTA’s working in WV are required to keep a current, signed Supervisory Statement on file with the Board.” Checked October 30, 2026.
59. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-32-5, Board of Examiners for Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(a) The West Virginia Board of Examiners for Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology is continued. ... (b) The board consists of the following members appointed by the Governor by and with the advice and consent of the Senate: (1) Three persons who are licensed speech-language pathologists; (2) Two persons who are licensed audiologists; (3) One person who is a licensed hearing aid fitter; and (4) One citizen member who is not licensed or registered under this article.”
60. State of West Virginia (WV.gov). WV.gov Agency Directory. “Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, Board of Examiners Phone: 304-473-4289 Website: https://www.wvspeechandaudiology.com ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
61. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-32-1, Unlawful acts; criminal penalties. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(a) It is unlawful for any person to practice or offer to practice speech-language pathology or audiology in this state, or advertise or use any title or description tending to convey the impression that the person is a speech-language pathologist or audiologist unless the person has been licensed under the provisions of this article, and the license has not expired, been suspended or revoked.”
62. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 29 CSR 1, Licensure for Speech-Pathology and Audiology (emergency rule effective June 2, 2026), §29-1-7. “7.1. All licenses, except provisional licenses and assistants’ registrations, expire biennially on the 31st day of December. Expiration of licenses is always on the even year, e.g., 2018, 2020, etc.” Checked October 30, 2026.
63. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-32-17, Renewal of license or registration. “(a) Licenses, except provisional licenses, and registrations may be renewed biennially, upon documentation of required continuing education and payment of a renewal fee.” Checked October 30, 2026.
64. West Virginia Board of Examiners for Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology. Home (Welcome). “SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY AND AUDIOLOGY LICENSE RENEWAL IS NOW OPEN ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
65. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 29 CSR 1, Licensure for Speech-Pathology and Audiology (emergency rule effective June 2, 2026), §29-1-14. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “14.2. A professional licensee shall obtain a minimum of 20 clock hours of continuing education during every two-year licensure period. Licensees who exceed the minimum continuing education requirement may carry a maximum of six hours forward to the next reporting period only. ... 14.2.1. One clock hour per year (total of two clock hours) of approved ethics continuing education is required for license renewal.”
66. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-32-15, Speech-language pathology and audiology assistants; supervision requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “(a) Commencing July 1, 2014, speech-language pathology assistants and audiology assistants shall register with the board and shall: (1) Possess a minimum of an associate’s degree from an institution or technical training program with a program of study designed to prepare the student to be a speech language pathology or audiology assistant; (2) Work only under the supervision of a licensee licensed in the professional field in which the assistant is working; ... (4) Provide direct supervision of the first three hours of treatment by the assistant for each patient or client, followed by a minimum of one direct observation for each subsequent two week period and document the direct observation ...”
67. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-32-15, Speech-language pathology and audiology assistants; supervision requirements. “(6) Ensure that persons receiving services from an assistant receive prior written notification that services are to be provided, in whole or in part, by an assistant ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
68. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-28-4, Scope of practice; license and supervision requirements. “(2) Evaluation of factors affecting activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), education, work, play, leisure and social participation ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
69. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 13 CSR 1, Administrative Rules of the Board of Occupational Therapy and Licensure of Occupational Therapists and Occupational Therapy Assistants (effective July 1, 2010), §13-1-12. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “12.2.a. The occupational therapist must be directly involved through a face-to-face visit with the patient during the initial evaluation and establishment of the intervention plan, and prior to any change in the plan, such as adding, changing, renewing, or discontinuing occupational therapy goals.”
70. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-32-13, Scope of practice for speech-language pathology. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “The scope of practice for speech-language pathology includes: (1) Prevention, screening, consultation, assessment and diagnosis, treatment, intervention, management, counseling and follow-up services for disorders of speech (i.e., articulation, fluency, resonance and voice), language (i.e., phonology, morphology, syntax, preliteracy and language-based skills), swallowing or other upper aerodigestive functions ...”
71. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 530, Speech and Audiology Services (revised May 1, 2025). “A referral for these services must be provided by the treating and/or referring and/or prescribing physician, advanced practice registered nurse (APRN), clinical nurse specialist (CNS), or a physician assistant (PA).” Checked October 30, 2026.
72. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. Gainwell Technology (fiscal agent: provider enrollment). Checked October 30, 2026.
73. Medicaid.gov (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services). Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment (Medicaid benefit page). Checked October 26, 2026.
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    “The Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT) benefit provides comprehensive and preventive health care services for children under age 21 who are enrolled in Medicaid.”; “It is the responsibility of states to determine medical necessity on a case-by-case basis.”.
74. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 515, Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy (effective September 1, 2024). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Services are limited to a combined total of 20 visits per event of physical therapy, occupational therapy, osteopathic manipulation, Chronic Pain Management programs, and chiropractic treatment. All services beyond the initial 20 treatments require prior authorization.”
75. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 515, Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy (effective September 1, 2024). “All requests for covered services requiring prior authorization must be submitted to the UMC for medical necessity determination. ... Prior authorization is requested via the BMS UMC web-based portal.” Checked October 30, 2026.
76. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 530, Speech and Audiology Services (revised May 1, 2025). “Covered speech-language and audiology services require the provider to submit and maintain a treatment plan of care documenting measurable goals, objectives, and prognosis to the utilization management contractor (UMC) via the web portal for prior authorization review.” Checked October 30, 2026.
77. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 515, Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy (effective September 1, 2024). “OT/PT services in excess of 20 visits provided for chronic conditions, such as arthritis, cerebral palsy, and developmental delay.” Checked October 30, 2026.
78. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 100, General Information (effective March 1, 2023). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Pre-service review and prior authorization are performed for the following services: • General and Acute Inpatient Hospital Services • Organ Transplant Services • Psychiatric Inpatient Facilities and Psychiatric Residential Treatment Facilities • Inpatient Medical Rehabilitation Services • Intensive Medical Case Management • Home Health Services exceeding calendar year limits • Certain Durable Medical Equipment (DME), Orthotics and Prosthetics Services, and Medical Supplies • Speech Therapy • Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy exceeding calendar year limits ...”
79. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. Mountain Health Trust (Managed Care). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “The Bureau for Medical Services (BMS), Office of Managed Care, initiated a risk-based managed care program called Mountain Health Trust (MHT) in September 1996. Mountain Health Trust provides managed care services to approximately 87% of the state’s Medicaid membership. Populations covered under managed care include most adults and children, pregnant women, and members receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI). The Bureau contracts with four Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) for the provision of Medicaid medically necessary services.”
80. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. Mountain Health Trust (Managed Care). “Managed Care Links: Aetna Better Health of West Virginia (NCQA Health Plan Accredited) The Health Plan of West Virginia (NCQA Health Plan Accredited) Highmark Health Options of West Virginia (NCQA Health Plan Accredited) Wellpoint of West Virginia (NCQA Health Plan Accredited)” Checked October 30, 2026.
81. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. Mountain Health Trust (Managed Care). “Services carved out of managed care include point of sale pharmacy, long-term care, Home and Community-Based waivers and non-emergency medical transportation services.” Checked October 30, 2026.
82. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. Mountain Health Trust (Managed Care). “Effective January 1, 2021, West Virginia Children’s Health Insurance Program (WVCHIP) members are included in the MHT program.” Checked October 30, 2026.
83. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. Mountain Health Trust (Managed Care). “The Mountain Health Promise (MHP) program serves specialized managed care for children and youth. Mountain Health Promise assists children in foster care, kinship care and adoptive care. Aetna Better Health of West Virginia is the single managed care organization for MHP.” Checked October 30, 2026.
84. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 100, General Information (effective March 1, 2023). “(Note: For MCO enrolled members, follow the respective MCO’s admission approval and prior authorization requirements).” Checked October 30, 2026.
85. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. West Virginia Medicaid Fee Schedules. Checked October 30, 2026.
86. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 515, Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy (effective September 1, 2024). “Initial evaluation – Limited to one per calendar year • Re-evaluation – Limited to two per calendar year ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
87. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 515, Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy (effective September 1, 2024). “Visit: The date of service that therapy is provided. (For example: A visit includes all modalities provided on the specific date of service and must be billed as “1” visit on the claim form.” Checked October 30, 2026.
88. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 515, Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy (effective September 1, 2024). “Occupational and physical therapy assistants or aides are not eligible to enroll individually or receive direct reimbursement for services provided to a Medicaid member.” Checked October 30, 2026.
89. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 530, Speech and Audiology Services (revised May 1, 2025). “Evaluations by the Speech-Language Pathology Assistants (SLPA)” Checked October 30, 2026.
90. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 538, School-Based Health Services (effective August 1, 2019). “Please see Appendix 538F Occupational Therapy Billing Form or Appendix 538G Physical Therapy Billing Form.” Checked October 30, 2026.
91. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 538, School-Based Health Services (effective August 1, 2019). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “The SBHS program includes medically necessary covered health care services pursuant to an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) provided by or through the West Virginia Department of Education (DOE) or a Local Education Agency (LEA). These medically necessary health care services must be ordered by a physician, physician assistant (PA), or advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) within the scope of license as defined under the West Virginia Code to eligible special education members from age three through age 21.”
92. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 538, School-Based Health Services (effective August 1, 2019). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “To be reimbursed, occupational and physical therapy services must be ordered by a physician, PA or APRN and provided by or under the direction of a registered licensed occupational /physical therapist on an outpatient basis in the school setting.”
93. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 530, Speech and Audiology Services (revised May 1, 2025). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “However, West Virginia cannot cover this duplication of services, that is, pay claims for the same services provided in the school system and also outside the school system by private practitioners for the same Medicaid member. Therefore, the parent/guardian must notify the school district to not seek Medicaid reimbursement for the relevant services.”
94. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Policy 519.17, Telehealth Services (effective January 1, 2022). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “When filing a claim, the provider must bill the appropriate Place of Service code 02 or 10. West Virginia Medicaid covers and reimburses Telehealth services that are identified in designated policies as appropriate to be rendered through this modality.”
95. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Policy 519.17, Telehealth Services (effective January 1, 2022). “Medicaid will reimburse according to the fee schedule for services provided.” Checked October 30, 2026.
96. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Policy 519.17 Appendix A, Medicaid Telehealth Standard Codes (effective January 1, 2025). Checked October 30, 2026.
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    “Medicaid Telehealth Services Professional Charges (HCFA-1500) Code Short Descriptor Status ... 92507 Speech/hearing therapy provisional ... 97110 Therapeutic exercises provisional 97112 Neuromuscular reeducation provisional ... 97161 Pt eval low complex 20 min provisional ... 97165 Ot eval low complex 30 min provisional ...”
97. West Virginia Bureau for Medical Services. BMS Provider Manual, Chapter 530, Speech and Audiology Services (revised May 1, 2025). “Treatment visits must be face-to-face and encompass all covered services provided to Medicaid members at each visit.” Checked October 30, 2026.
98. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-1-26, Telehealth practice. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    ““Health care practitioner” means a person authorized to practice under §30-3-1 et seq ., §30-3E-1 et seq ., §30-4-1 et seq ., §30-5-1 et seq ., §30-7-1 et seq ., §30-7A-1 et seq ., §30-8-1 et seq ., §30-10-1 et seq ., §30-14-1 et seq ., §30-16-1 et seq ., §30-20-1 et seq ., ... §30-28-1 et seq ., ... §30-32-1 et seq ., ... “Telehealth services” means the use of synchronous or asynchronous telecommunications technology or audio only telephone calls by a health care practitioner to provide health care services, including, but not limited to, assessment, diagnosis, consultation, treatment, and monitoring of a patient; transfer of medical data; patient and professional health-related education; public health services; and health administration. The term does not include internet questionnaires, e-mail messages, or facsimile transmissions.”
99. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-1-26, Telehealth practice. Checked October 30, 2026.
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    ““Interstate telehealth services” means the provision of telehealth services to a patient located in West Virginia by a health care practitioner located in any other state or commonwealth of the United States. ... “Registration” means an authorization to practice a health profession regulated by §30-1-1 et seq . of this code for the limited purpose of providing interstate telehealth services within the registrant’s scope of practice.”
100. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 16 CSR 1, General Provisions for Physical Therapist and Physical Therapist Assistant (effective April 7, 2026), §16-1-13. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “13.3. The provision of physical therapy services via telehealth requires synchronous audiovisual interaction between the physical therapist or physical therapist assistant and the patient/client, which may be accompanied by the use of asynchronous store and forward technology.”
101. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 13 CSR 9, Telehealth Practice; Requirements; Definitions (effective July 1, 2025), §13-9-5. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “5.1.3. Occupational therapy personnel shall obtain informed consent of the delivery of service via telehealth from the patient/client prior to initiation of occupational therapy services via telehealth and maintain documentation of the consent-to-treat process and content in the patient’s or client’s health records.”
102. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-32-16, Telepractice services. “(b) Speech-language pathologists and audiologists providing services by telepractice shall deliver services consistent with the quality of services delivered in person, and shall: (1) Acquire written informed consent from the student, patient or client before the services are provided ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
103. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §33-57-1, Coverage of telehealth services. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of §33-1-1 et seq. of this code, an insurer subject to §33-15-1 et seq., §33-16-1 et seq., §33-24-1 et seq., §33-25-1 et seq., and §33-25A-1 et seq. of this code which issues or renews a health insurance policy on or after July 1, 2020, shall provide coverage of health care services provided through telehealth services if those same services are covered through face-to-face consultation by the policy. ... shall provide reimbursement for a telehealth service for an established patient, or care rendered on a consulting basis to a patient located in an acute care facility whether inpatient or outpatient on the same basis and at the same rate under a contract, plan, agreement, or policy as if the service is provided through an in-person encounter rather than provided via telehealth.”
104. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §33-57-1, Coverage of telehealth services. “(3) “Health care practitioner” means a person licensed under §30-1-1 et seq. of this code who provides health care services.” Checked October 30, 2026.
105. West Virginia Tax Division. Business Registration. “Before engaging in business activity in West Virginia, every individual or business entity must obtain a West Virginia business registration certificate from the State Tax Department.” Checked October 30, 2026.
106. West Virginia Tax Division. Business Registration. “A separate business registration certificate is needed for each location in this State at or from which business is engaged in with the public or a segment of the public.” Checked October 30, 2026.
107. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §11-15-8, Furnishing of services included; exceptions. “The provisions of this article apply not only to selling tangible personal property and custom software, but also to the furnishing of all services, except professional and personal services ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
108. West Virginia Tax Division. Sales and Use Tax. “All sales of goods and services are presumed subject to Sales and Use Tax unless an exemption is clearly provided.” Checked October 30, 2026.
109. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 110 CSR 15, Consumer Sales and Service Tax and Use Tax (effective July 15, 1993), §110-15-8. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “8.1.1.1. Professional services, as defined in Section 2 of these regulations, are rendered by physicians, dentists, lawyers, certified public accountants, public accountants, optometrists, architects, professional engineers, registered professional nurses, veterinarians, licensed physical therapists, ... The determination as to whether other activities are "professional" in nature will be determined by the State Tax Division on a case-by-case basis ...”
110. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §11-15-9, Exemptions. “The following sales of tangible personal property and services are exempt as provided in this subsection: ... (11) Sales of drugs, durable medical goods, mobility-enhancing equipment, and prosthetic devices dispensed upon prescription and sales of insulin to consumers for medical purposes ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
111. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §23-2-1, Employers subject to chapter; elections not to provide certain coverages; notices; filing of business registration certificates. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “... and all persons, firms, associations, and corporations regularly employing another person or persons for the purpose of carrying on any form of industry, service, or business in this state, are employers within the meaning of this chapter and are subject to all requirements of this chapter ... (b) The following employers are not required to procure workers’ compensation insurance, but may elect to do so: (1) Employers of employees in domestic services; ... (4) Casual employers.”
112. Code of Federal Regulations. 42 CFR 424.516, Additional provider and supplier requirements for enrolling and maintaining active enrollment status in the Medicare program (eCFR, up to date as of October 22, 2026; paragraph (f), Maintaining and providing access to documentation). Checked October 26, 2026.
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     “A provider or a supplier that furnishes covered ordered, certified, referred, or prescribed Part A or B services, items or drugs is required to—”; “Maintain documentation (as described in paragraph (f)(1)(ii) of this section) for 7 years from the date of service; and”; “Upon the request of CMS or a Medicare contractor, to provide access to that documentation”; “The documentation includes written and electronic documents (including the NPI of the physician or, when permitted, other eligible professional who ordered, certified, referred, or prescribed the Part A or B service, item, or drug) relating to written orders, certifications, referrals, prescriptions, and requests for payments for Part A or B services, items or drugs.”.
113. Code of Federal Regulations. 45 CFR 164.316, Policies and procedures and documentation requirements (eCFR, up to date as of October 22, 2026; HIPAA Security Rule; paragraph (b)). Checked October 26, 2026.
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     “Maintain the policies and procedures implemented to comply with this subpart in written (which may be electronic) form; and”; “If an action, activity or assessment is required by this subpart to be documented, maintain a written (which may be electronic) record of the action, activity, or assessment.”; “Retain the documentation required by paragraph (b)(1) of this section for 6 years from the date of its creation or the date when it last was in effect, whichever is later.”.
114. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 29 CSR 5, West Virginia Board of Examiners for Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Code of Ethics (effective July 1, 2014). Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “2.4.b.9. Individuals shall not reveal, without authorization, any professional or personal information about the person served professionally, unless required by law to do so, or unless doing so is necessary to protect the welfare of the person or of the community.”
115. West Virginia Secretary of State (Code of State Rules). 13 CSR 6, Ethical Standards of Practice (effective July 1, 2010). Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “Occupational therapy practitioners shall collaborate with clients, caretakers or other legal guardians in setting goals and priorities throughout the intervention process. Occupational therapy practitioners shall: ... 4.3.d. Maintain patient confidentiality unless otherwise mandated by local, state, or federal regulations.”
116. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §30-32-16, Telepractice services. “(2) Maintain the confidentiality of the student, patient or client as required by law ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
117. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §46A-2A-102, Notice of breach of security of computerized personal information. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(a) An individual or entity that owns or licenses computerized data that includes personal information shall give notice of any breach of the security of the system following discovery or notification of the breach of the security of the system to any resident of this state whose unencrypted and unredacted personal information was or is reasonably believed to have been accessed and acquired by an unauthorized person and that causes, or the individual or entity reasonably believes has caused or will cause, identity theft or other fraud to any resident of this state. Except as provided in subsection (e) of this section or in order to take any measures necessary to determine the scope of the breach and to restore the reasonable integrity of the system, the notice shall be made without unreasonable delay.”
118. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §49-2-803, Persons mandated to report suspected abuse and neglect; requirements. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(a) Any medical, dental, or mental health professional, Christian Science practitioner, religious healer, school teacher or other school personnel, social service worker, child care or foster care worker, emergency medical services personnel, peace officer or law-enforcement official, humane officer, member of the clergy, circuit court judge, family court judge, employee of the Division of Juvenile Services, magistrate, youth camp administrator or counselor, employee, coach or volunteer of an entity that provides organized activities for children, or commercial film or photographic print processor who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child is neglected or abused, including sexual abuse or sexual assault, or observes the child being subjected to conditions that are likely to result in abuse or neglect shall immediately, and not more than 24 hours after suspecting this abuse or neglect, report the circumstances to the Department of Human Services.”
119. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §9-6-9, Mandatory reporting of incidences of abuse, neglect, financial exploitation, or emergency situation. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(a) If any medical, dental, or mental health professional, Christian Science practitioner, religious healer, social service worker, law-enforcement officer, humane officer, any employee of any nursing home or other residential facility, has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable adult or facility resident is or has been neglected, abused, financially exploited or placed in an emergency situation, or if such person observes a vulnerable adult or facility resident being subjected to conditions that are likely to result in abuse, neglect, financial exploitation, or an emergency situation, the person shall immediately report the circumstances pursuant to the provisions of §9-6-11 of this code ...”
120. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §33-16-3v, Required coverage for treatment of autism spectrum disorders. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(a) Any insurer who, on or after January 1, 2012, delivers, renews or issues a policy of group accident and sickness insurance in this state under the provisions of this article shall include coverage for diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of autism spectrum disorder in individuals ages eighteen months to eighteen years. To be eligible for coverage and benefits under this section, the individual must be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at age eight or younger.”
121. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §33-16-3v, Required coverage for treatment of autism spectrum disorders. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “The annual maximum benefit for applied behavior analysis required by this subsection shall be in an amount not to exceed $30,000 per individual, for three consecutive years from the date treatment commences. At the conclusion of the third year, required coverage shall be in an amount not to exceed $2,000 per month, until the individual reaches eighteen years of age ...”
122. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §33-16-3v, Required coverage for treatment of autism spectrum disorders. Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “(e) The provisions of this section do not apply to small employers. For purposes of this section a small employer means any person, firm, corporation, partnership or association actively engaged in business in the State of West Virginia who, during the preceding calendar year, employed an average of no more than twenty-five eligible employees.”
123. West Virginia Legislature (West Virginia Code). W. Va. Code §33-16-3v, Required coverage for treatment of autism spectrum disorders. “This section shall not be construed as limiting, replacing or affecting any obligation to provide services to an individual under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
124. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Who are the MACs: A/B MAC Jurisdiction M (JM) (page last modified July 8, 2026). “Contract Awardee: Palmetto GBA, LLC , contract number 75FCMC22C0037 ... JM processes FFS Medicare Part A and Part B claims for North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia ...” Checked October 30, 2026.
125. West Virginia Offices of the Insurance Commissioner. Schedule Of Maximum Allowed Medical Reimbursement (Workers’ Compensation). “The maximum allowable fee amount(s) are calculated by utilizing the West Virginia Medicare fee schedule where: West Virginia Medicare rate(s) plus 35% The Maximum allowable fee amounts are regardless of where services are rendered.” Checked October 30, 2026.
126. West Virginia Offices of the Insurance Commissioner. Schedule Of Maximum Allowed Medical Reimbursement (Workers’ Compensation). Checked October 30, 2026.
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     “WVOIC approved Managed Health Care Plans (MHCPs) are exempt from the WVOIC fee schedule methodology and may establish their own fee schedule(s). Self-insured employers and private carriers may establish their own exclusive fees and/or coverage guidelines for medical items or services.”
127. APTA West Virginia. APTA West Virginia (the state association's site). Checked October 30, 2026.
128. the West Virginia Occupational Therapy Association (WVOTA). the West Virginia Occupational Therapy Association (WVOTA) (the state association's site). Checked October 30, 2026.
129. the West Virginia Speech-Language-Hearing Association (WVSHA). the West Virginia Speech-Language-Hearing Association (WVSHA) (the state association's site). Checked October 30, 2026.
130. DrSensory. Occupational therapy clinics in West Virginia, with the physical therapy and speech therapy pages for the state (the directory's state pages, built from the addresses it holds). Checked October 30, 2026.
131. DrSensory. Clinic Directory Pricing. “Claiming your listing is free. The subscription is $349.99 a year or $29.99 a month for your first location, and $99.99 a year or $9.99 a month for each additional location, not per therapist.” Checked October 30, 2026.

Medical disclaimer. This page is for general educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It is general guidance on running a therapy clinic in West Virginia, not legal, compliance, billing or financial advice. Rules change; the clinic confirms each with its source before acting on it.